Understanding the carbon - cycle was key to explaining this: the realisation was that throughout
geological time the levels of carbon dioxide and other non-condensing greenhouse - gases had exterted major controls on the planetary temperature.
Understanding the carbon - cycle was key to explaining this: the realisation was that throughout
geological time the levels of carbon dioxide and other non-condensing greenhouse - gases had exterted major controls on the planetary temperature.
Not exact matches
During Expedition 359, Eberli's team drilled seven holes along the Maldives Archipelago to collect sediments that hold records of past sea
level and environmental changes during the Neogene, a
geological time period that began 23 million years ago.
Using detailed, ground -
level data from the United States
Geological Survey (USGS) and Environmental Protection Agency, Cardenas and Kiel analyzed the waterways for sinuosity (how much they bend and curve); the texture of the materials along the waterways; the
time spent in the sediment (known as the hyporheic zone); and the rate at which the water flows through the sediment.
When the planet's big ice sheets collapsed at the end of the last ice age, their melting caused global sea
levels to rise as much as 100 meters in roughly 10,000 years, which is fast in
geological time, Mann noted.
This is a reference
level within recent strata somewhere in the world that will be proposed to most clearly and consistently characterise the changes as the Holocene, which represents the last 11,700 years of
geological time on this planet, gave way into the Anthropocene about 65 years ago.
The active littoral zone changes throughout
geological time by an interplay between sea -
level change and regional uplift.
A possible glimpse of our future would be the Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum (wikipedia the PETM), when a massive release of methane clathrates or other factors caused the
level of CO2 in the atmosphere to rise to 1000ppm or more over a relatively brief period of
time (in
geological terms).
Hansen's paper last summer looked at 3
time scales — 10s, 100s, and 1000s of years — for the scary sea
level rises and decided that millennial was out: the
geological record showed that if the seas were to rise, they'd rise pretty fast.
Certainly not the
level, the planet has been several
times higher in the
geological past, no harm done.
While the conditions in the
geological past are useful indicators in suggesting climate and atmospheric conditions only vary within a a certain range (for example, that life has existed for over 3 billion years indicates that the oxygen
level of the atmosphere has stayed between about 20 and 25 % throughout that
time), I also think some skeptics are too quick to suggest the lack of correlation between temperature and CO2 during the last 550 million years falsifies the link between CO2 and warming (too many differences in conditions to allow any such a conclusion to be drawn — for example the Ordovician with high CO2 and an ice age didn't have any terrestrial life).
And until now they were thought to be rare
geological events, dating back to a
time when CO2
levels were several
times higher than they are now.
The difference of more than two orders of magnitudes between sea
level change on a human
time scale and sea
level change on a
geological time scale is the result of several mechanisms affect sea
level at different amplitudes and over different
time periods.
The present sea
level rise now observed is very small relative to sea
level changes on
geological time scales.
In the
geological past, its
level has been ten
times or more higher than its present value; in fact, our major food crops developed when CO2
levels were about five
times higher.
With current greenhouse gas
levels now in the range of 400 - 405 parts per million coinciding with substantial jumps in glacial melt and sea
level rise, it may be worth taking a look back at
times in the
geological past when atmospheric heating conditions were similar to those seen today.
Though the Tibetan earthquake was going to happen at some
time, it is possible that changes in ice loading on Himalayan glaciers, changes in water volume outflows in the annual Asian monsoon, and sea
level rise adding pressure to the
geological plates below coastlines — especially in low - lying Bangladesh — had an impact.
The relationship of CO2
levels to temperature, and changing
levels of both, in
geological time is an issue that's quite intriguing.
None of the attempted explanations for changing CO2
levels in
geological time — I'm thinking here of million - year scale — seem very convincing to me.
One of the parameters is high stand or low stand conditions based on sea
level transgression / regression curves which is related to long term climate, but I am not aware of any oil companies that use anything remotely resembling what I understand to be a climate model with forcings, and certainly not one driven by something like CO2, solar or anyhting else, simply because you can not know the necessary parameters over the millions of years of
geological time that you are interested in modelling.
According to the U.S.
Geological Survey, sea
levels in North Carolina and other «hotspots» along the East Coast between North Carolina and Massachusetts are rising at three to four
times the rate worldwide.
The steady state
level of atmospheric CO2, in
geological time, is dependent on the input rate and the efflux rate.
Sea
levels are rising and falling due to techtonic plates squashed after the last ice age and due to their constant (in
geological time) movement.
My real point was that the CO2
levels in
geological time scales are not really comparable to current human emissions - because on
geological time scales there is a removal process.
The past has been much warmer and better off, CO2
levels in the
geological past were 3 - 4
TIMES higher than today.