Continuity of midwifery care and
gestational weight gain in obese women: a randomised controlled trial.
Not exact matches
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Some common signs include sensing fetal movement earlier
in pregnancy, measuring larger for
gestational age, rapid
weight gain, extreme experience of common symptoms like morning sickness or fatigue.
Mean and standard errors of monthly
weight gain after adjusting for maternal age; race / ethnicity; education; household income; marital status; parity; postpartum Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children program participation; prepregnancy body mass index (calculated as
weight in kilograms divided by height
in meters squared); infant sex;
gestational age; birth
weight; age at solid food introduction; and sweet drinks consumption.
Gaining too much
weight during pregnancy puts you at risk for health problems including high blood pressure and
gestational diabetes, explains Nora Saul, registered dietitian and manager of nutrition services at Joslin Diabetes Center
in Boston on HealthyWomen.com.
Intervening to reduce
weight gain in pregnancy and
gestational diabetes mellitus
in Cree communities: an evaluation
He said that lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating, physical activity and behavioral modifications during pregnancy have had limited benefits on improving adverse perinatal outcomes, with the exception of reducing excessive
gestational weight gain, on the average of two to five pounds
in obese women.
Further, there has been little research on the long - term effects of
gestational weight gain on childhood obesity risk
in vulnerable populations.
This new study provides data that have the potential to aid
in the development of national reference values for optimal
gestational weight gain for pregnancy among women who have higher classes of obesity including class II and class III.
«
Gestational weight gain greater than the IOM recommendations has long - term implications for
weight - related health,» said Elizabeth Widen, PhD, RD, postdoctoral fellow at the New York Obesity Research Center
in the Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, and Institute of Human Nutrition.
In recent estimates, 47 percent of women had a
gestational weight gain greater than IOM guidelines.
In 2009, the Institute of Medicine issued revised recommendations for gestational weight gain for use in conjunction with clinical judgment by healthcare provider
In 2009, the Institute of Medicine issued revised recommendations for
gestational weight gain for use
in conjunction with clinical judgment by healthcare provider
in conjunction with clinical judgment by healthcare providers.
These trends likely affected all of our study participants, but our research shows that
in addition, women who experienced excessive
gestational weight gain also experienced sustained increases
in fat mass and
weight.»
Even if an infant has a few extra ounces due to a mother's excessive
gestational weight gain, «the infant developed
in a metabolically abnormal intrauterine environment,» Ludwig explains.
Indeed, lifestyle intervention clinical trials
in pregnancy are now coming online, where materials and data are being collected that should facilitate understanding of the causal nature of intrauterine exposures related with
gestational weight gain, such as elevated maternal blood glucose concentrations.
«It's possible that women with the diagnosis of
gestational diabetes were more careful about
weight and diet, which might have changed the amount of
weight gain and offspring development patterns, but other studies need to replicate the finding to be able to conclude that there is an association,» Kubo said
in a Kaiser news release.
The studies have identified important health risk factors including: persistent organic pollutants consumed through contaminated food may be linked to diabetes; eating meat or eggs before pregnancy may raise
gestational diabetes risk; taking
in less than a single alcoholic drink per day may still raise the risk of breast cancer; daily consumption of the amount of cholesterol found
in one egg may shorten a woman's lifespan as much as limited smoking; meat intake may be an infertility risk factor; there's a positive association between teen milk intake, especially skim milk, and teen acne; and nut consumption does not lead to expected
weight gain.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the additional protein requirements to support 13.8 g
gestational weight gain are 1, 9 and 31 g / day
in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively.
For example, a physician's failure to monitor and manage a pregnant woman's
weight gain or diabetes may result
in fetal macrosomia, or a fetus of a
weight that is above average for its
gestational age.
Regarding the
weight, lifestyle and mental health goals, details are provided
in tables 1A and B. Standard advice about
gestational weight gain according to the Institute of Medicine recommendations109 110 will be given.
Gestational weight gain and adiposity, fat distribution, metabolic profile, and blood pressure
in offspring: the IDEFICS project
Regarding the child, the importance of the intrauterine and early postnatal environments for metabolic programming and modifications of the epigenome is increasingly recognised, 12 — 14 particularly for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.15 Thus, GDM is related to macrosomia at birth (> 4 kg), to excess body fat and (central) obesity and to insulin secretion
in infants and children, the obesity being
in part mediated by maternal body mass index (BMI) or birth
weight.16 — 23 Intrauterine exposure to GDM also doubles the risk for subsequent type 2 diabetes
in offspring compared with offspring of mothers with a high genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes, but with normal glucose tolerance during the index pregnancy.24 Maternal prepregnancy overweight and excessive
gestational weight gain also predict high birth
weight and adiposity during infancy.12 25 This is highly relevant, as up to 60 % — 70 % of women with GDM are overweight or obese before pregnancy.26 Finally, maternal lifestyle behaviour such as a high fat diet or lack of physical activity during pregnancy can influence offspring adiposity independent of maternal obesity.12 27