Officials have failed to enforce past limits on
gillnet fishing, and boats regularly sneak into what had once been a small vaquita refuge of about 480 square miles.
It further recommends increased efforts to introduce alternatives to
gillnet fishing in the communities that will be affected by enforcement of the exclusion zone.
Having declined over 90 per cent in just 20 years, the vaquita continues to plummet toward extinction despite a two - year ban on
gillnet fishing that began in May 2015, as well as surveillance efforts by Mexico's government, environmental authorities and military.
An international team of scientists says that the critically endangered vaquita, a species of porpoise (Phocoena sinus) found only in Mexico's Gulf of California, is fast approaching extinction and that
all gillnet fishing in the animal's range must be banned.
In June of 2017, the ban on
gillnet fishing was made permanent.
Not exact matches
The plan will be implemented in tandem with ongoing efforts to remove the threat of
gillnets in the Upper Gulf of California and eliminate illegal
fishing.
Despite strong enforcement, illegal
gillnets are still being set to catch an endangered
fish known as totoaba, the swim bladders of which fetch large sums of money on Hong Kong and Chinese black markets.
The precipitous decline of the vaquita has been primarily driven by accidental deaths of the porpoises in
fishing gillnets.
«This is the first large - scale
gillnet ban to save a species from extinction, and includes provisions for the development of alternative
fishing gear to replace
gillnets,» said Barbara Taylor, chair of the Society's Conservation Committee, who recently returned from more than two months aboard a research ship surveying the northern Gulf of California for vaquita.
They then used commercial
gillnets to
fish the lakes and found that they bagged the bolder
fish three times faster than the shy ones, which were left behind to multiply.
Unfortunately, vaquitas continue to die in totoaba nets despite the valiant efforts by law enforcement agencies, the Mexican Navy, and conservation groups to prevent illegal
fishing since the
gillnet ban came into effect in April 2015, immediately before the new acoustic and visual studies were launched.
While Mexico's
gillnet ban is an important step forward in vaquita conservation, it will be unlikely to prevent extinction of the species unless there is a lasting commitment to rigorous enforcement to stop illegal
fishing.
-- Both countries will redouble efforts, in collaboration with international experts, to develop alternative
fishing gear to
gillnets that does not result in the entanglement of vaquita and establish «vaquita - safe» fisheries;
Members of the program must demonstrate that they are not selling any shark products and that seafood that is offered, be cause with shark safe techniques, such as no «longlines,
fish aggregating devices,
gillnets or trawl netting.»
With the introduction of
gillnets in the mid-1960s, the huge
fish all but disappeared (though environmental destruction resulting from the Hoover Dam contributed too).