Sentences with phrase «give molecules more»

In fields like metallurgy, defects are removed «by turning up the temperature to give molecules more freedom to move grain boundaries and voids,» she said.

Not exact matches

Any aqueous solution that contains a large number of chemicals must necessarily give rise to an even more complicated set of chemical reactions between and among those molecules, producing yet more chemical types.

Questions such as whether the language of «faith» has any authority in a scientific age, or whether mind and life are reducible to atoms and molecules, whether only the tangible is real, whether the human person is anything more than a complex physico - chemical mechanism, whether we are free or determined, whether there is any «objective» truth to the symbols and myths of religion — all of these questions are asked at all only because what is fundamentally at issue is whether there is an ultimate context that gives meaning to cosmic process and significance to our lives in this process.

How did relatively simple molecules in the primordial broth give rise to more and more complex compounds?

They were also given more than 4800 descriptors for each molecule, such as the atoms included, their arrangement, and geometry, which constituted a separate set of more than 2 million data points.

[Rob: that's my best shot — Fred] Before they can tap this potential, however, Gershenfeld and Chuang need to find molecules that will give them more than two qubits.

«That gives us some idea about why the environment looks like it does and it also gives us an idea of where to look for rocks that are even less exposed to cosmic rays,» and thus are more likely to have preserved organic molecules, Farley says.

Remarkably, giving animals injections of lithium salts — which mimics WNT signaling by inhibiting the molecule GSK3 — or giving animals a more specific GSK inhibitor, the researchers were able to restore normal synapse and spine numbers and also improve some of the most significant psychiatric - like behavioral abnormalities in these mice.

The spacecraft's sensitive spectrometer was able to register the chemical signatures not only of water vapor but also of hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide — all precursors of the more complex molecules that scientists think eventually gave rise to life on Earth.

The new method gives scientists more power not only to find new antibody - based therapies, but also to discover the biological pathways through which they work — pathways that may turn out to be more easily and cheaply targeted by small - molecule drugs.

Room - temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has been more of a challenge, given that oxygen and physical vibrations interfere with the ability of organic phosphorescent molecules to emit light.

One option would be to shut down the expression of BCL11A, using small pieces of RNA, in blood - forming stem cells that would then be given to a person with the disease; another would be to inhibit the action of BCL11A directly using a more traditional, and possibly more practical, small - molecule drug.

«As more and more fragments join up, they build progressively bigger and more carbon - rich, complicated molecules until they are so complex that we don't even try to give them chemical names, just describe them with generic terms like «organic molecules» or «tholins,»» Grundy said.

In experiments described in a paper published online today in Cell, the researchers gave mice a molecule that blocks the insulin receptor on cells, tricking the animals» bodies into reacting as if they needed more insulin and producing more β cells.

These in turn gave rise to more complex molecules.

Others soon discovered even more complex molecules, providing evidence for a host of chemical reactions taking place in young and dying stars and giving credence to the idea that molecules from space could have seeded Earth with the building blocks of life.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

This free radical now goes and steals an electron from another molecule that is more willing to give one up and thus it becomes satisfied, but now the victim molecule has become a free radical!

Compared to dietary omega - 6 fatty acids, which generally give rise to more inflammatory thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, omega - 3 fatty acids are metabolized into less inflammatory eicosanoid signaling molecules.

Multiple ATP molecules give cells the power to transfer more energy produced during the catabolic process to the anabolic process.

It also means water has more mass = molecules for a given volume.

What is relevant is the probability that such a photon will be absorbed by (or more generally interact with) a susceptible molecule (CO2) within the given length.

It is the density, not the composition which gives more or less opportunities for such instances of energy transfer between molecules whilst the incoming and outgoing radiant energy is negotiating the atmosphere.

When petroleum is burned, some energy is required to separate the molecules into individual atoms, but much more energy is given back as the carbon and hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water vapor.

The real picture is ever so much more complex and gives rise to science topics like spectroscopy because of the grouping of particulate properties, be they atoms or molecules, allowed states, transitions between them, coupling, types of molecular motion (bending, rotations and the like).

If the drop - off effect (not all the molecules from a lower level can get to a given higher level) is accounted for, then this effect cancels the loss of average KE from the more energetic molecules that come from below.

ii) In the case of the Ideal Gas Law it is the height of an atmosphere of a given mass that determines the number of molecules per unit of volume at the surface and the more molecules per unit of volume the hotter the surface will become at a given level of solar input.

The actual resonant frequencies of resonant molecules is affected by pressure; this means more collisions between atoms, and sometimes vibrational energy can be absorbed in a collision while sometimes energy is given off.

The temperature of a gas is something like the average velocity of the molecules that make it up and any material above absolute zero emits more or less (usually less in the case of a gas) like a black body at that given temperature.

But under a given pressure, adding energy IN ADDITION to the pressure already there, exposes the added energy to a force that causes the molecules to move more vigorously than they would under a lesser pressure.