Khan, S. A., L. Liu, J. Wahr, I. Howat, I. Joughin, T. van Dam, and K. Fleming, GPS measurements of crustal uplift near Jakobshavn Isbrae due to
glacial ice mass loss, J. Geophys.
When doing this with sea level data, as with OHC, as with tropospheric sensible heat, as with
glacial ice mass loss, we are seeing a background, longer - term change that is non-linear, and for several decades now, accelerating.
Not exact matches
Complementary analyses of the surface
mass balance of Greenland (Tedesco et al, 2011) also show that 2010 was a record year for melt area extent... Extrapolating these melt rates forward to 2050, «the cumulative
loss could raise sea level by 15 cm by 2050 ″ for a total of 32 cm (adding in 8 cm from
glacial ice caps and 9 cm from thermal expansion)- a number very close to the best estimate of Vermeer & Rahmstorf (2009), derived by linking the observed rate of sea level rise to the observed warming.
Given the level of denialism in the face of
glacial mass loss, plummeting Arctic summer
ice cover, progressive collapse of
ice shelves that have been stable for 6000 to 10000 years, northward, upward, and seasonally earlier movements of ecosystems and other phenological changes, increasing Greenland
ice melt, and all the other direct observations of global warming, I think denialists will go to their graves believing it can't be happening.
Gravity measurements of the
ice -
mass loss in Greenland and Antarctica are complicated by
glacial isostatic adjustment.
Additionally, unadjusted GRACE gravity data has suggested no lost
ice mass and all estimates of
ice gains or
loss depend on which
Glacial Isostatic Adjustments modelers choose to use.
For example, chapter ten, «
Ice melts, sea level rises,» discusses the disappearance of tropical mountain glaciers, estimates of sea level rise in the present century, estimates of its costs — the EPA estimated in 1991 that a one - meter rise would cost the US alone between $ 270 billion and $ 475 billion — evidence of past oceanic high - water marks and glacial extents, the dynamics of ice sheet disintegration, the thermal expansion of seawater, icequakes and meltponds, ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine ice sheets.&raq
Ice melts, sea level rises,» discusses the disappearance of tropical mountain glaciers, estimates of sea level rise in the present century, estimates of its costs — the EPA estimated in 1991 that a one - meter rise would cost the US alone between $ 270 billion and $ 475 billion — evidence of past oceanic high - water marks and
glacial extents, the dynamics of
ice sheet disintegration, the thermal expansion of seawater, icequakes and meltponds, ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine ice sheets.&raq
ice sheet disintegration, the thermal expansion of seawater, icequakes and meltponds,
ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine ice sheets.&raq
ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine
ice sheets.&raq
ice sheets.»
In comparison,
ice -
mass loss from the
ice - caps themselves (not the glaciers), uncertain as the calculations are, is thought about equal to the
glacial melt.
Cyclonic activity is a big heat pump toward the poles where latent heat of melting
ice shows as net
glacial mass loss or
loss of multi year
ice.