Further to Witgren's point, wasn't all that brouhaha about the Himalaya
glaciers based on a typo too?
Analysis of data from a deployment of seismometers located near an ice marginal lake in the Swiss Alps reveals, for the first time, that harmonic tremor occurs within mountain glaciers and that individual icequakes at
the glacier base can exhibit harmonic properties.
These observations suggest that there is a complex network of fluid - induced fracture processes at
the glacier base.
The first mechanism for explaining the change in velocity is the «Zwally effect», which relies on meltwater reaching
the glacier base and reducing the friction through a higher basal water pressure.
A moulin is the conduit for the additional meltwater to reach
the glacier base.
The story goes — warmer temperatures, more surface melting, more meltwater draining through moulins to
glacier base, lubricating glacier bed, reducing friction, increasing velocity, and finally raising sea level.
In a first - of - its - kind study, an international team led by Eric Rignot of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., and the University of California, Irvine, estimated changes in Antarctica's ice mass between 1996 and 2006 and mapped patterns of ice loss on a glacier - by -
glacier basis.
This mechanism relies on meltwater reaching
the glacier base via moulins and reducing the friction at the base of the glacier.
Ice does not conduct heat well, and a rise of a few degrees in the air would take thousands of years to affect
a glacier base a mile away, where it could lubricate the flow.
They conclude that rapid changes in the basal water pressure is key: long periods of sustained melt may lead to reductions in basal water pressure as the channels that drain the meltwater at
the glacier base mature.
Its extensive ice tongue makes it particularly susceptible to basal melt processes, due to the area and duration of exposure of
the glacier base.
There is a film somewhere over in the web showing the retreat of
some glaciers based on time - lapsed photos (it is by James Balog if I remember correctly).