Sentences with phrase «glacier ice with»

This can be seen in the output of GCMs and one can also see why this is roughly the case since the time scale of decay should be approximately the amount of time it takes to melt a square meter of glacier ice with the forcing change that would result from a loss of a square meter of ice in polar regions.

Not exact matches

Impacts of thermal expansion and melting mountain glaciers can be predicted with moderate confidence, but more uncertainty remains in the potential behavior of polar ice sheets.

The melting of the arctic ice and the Greenland glaciers along with the warming of the ocean will raise sea levels and flood some of the world's most populous and fertile regions, the deltas of the great rivers.

The surrender of the whole universe to the physical sciences, represented by A. J. Ayer in philosophy (and by others in medicine and psychology) was a loud, daring little ice floe that tried to pull the glacier with it, failed, and fell into the sea.

Explore the Ice Age with hands - on glacier demonstrations and activities, as well as real geologic clues to New England's icy past (Cambridge)

Studying surging glaciers could also offer insights into grander - scale ice flows with global consequences: the movements of the ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, which can change abruptly, altering the ice discharges that affect sea level.

In comparison, it took the Jakobshavn Isbræ ice stream — a southwest Greenland region with a fast - moving glacier that has been a focal point of scientific examination of ice sheet melt — 150 years to retreat 35 kilometers, said Khan.

When that glacier recedes, it leaves a basin, enclosed by the moraine and remaining glacial ice, which fills with meltwater.

After a glaciologist from Alaska believed she heard trapped air bubbles escaping the ice, she teamed with other scientists from Texas to eavesdrop on bits of melting glacier ice taken from Gulkana Glacier in Alaska.

The bottom few feet of ice is probably cluttered with such debris, picked up by the glacier as it slid over the hidden face of Antarctica for thousands of years.

Mapping this buried range will help scientists understand how glaciers formed in Antarctica as well as how today's ice sheets interact with the ground below.

These coastal glaciers hold back inland glaciers, so their collapse would set off a chain reaction ending with the West Antarctic Ice Sheet pouring into the Southern Ocean.

The results — along with a recent Dartmouth - led study that found air temperature also likely influenced the fluctuating size of South America's Quelccaya Ice Cap over the past millennium — support many scientists» suspicions that today's tropical glaciers are rapidly shrinking primarily because of a warming climate rather than declining snowfall or other factors.

Alaskan and the Canadian Arctic land - based glacier melt ranks with that of the Greenland Ice Sheet as important contributors to global sea - level rise that is already underway.

This exposed tall ice «cliffs» at their margin with an unstable height, and resulted in rapid retreat of the glaciers from marine ice cliff instability between 12,000 and 11,000 years ago.

Bands of darker ice with no bubbles indicated times when snow on the glacier had melted in past summers before re-freezing.

Most glaciers are wet - based: A layer of water beneath the ice makes the glacier mobile, capable of creating steep fjords and other dramatic features that we associate with glacially sculpted terrain.

West singled out Columbia as the best example to date of an Alaska glacier with a clear change in ice - quake production in recent years.

They observed three types of ice losses, each with a distinctive and detailed sound signature: the splash of an ice block falling off into the water; the crack of a fragment sliding down the glacier's rough surface; and the soft thud of an underwater ice chunk breaking away and floating up, followed by a secondary impact as it surfaces.

The amount of carbon dioxide has risen and fallen a bit, coinciding with the spread and retreat of glaciers as ice ages have come and gone.

The researchers used underwater microphones aboard buoys to record the ambient noises of a variety of ice breakups at the Hans Glacier in Norway and synchronized the recordings with time - lapse photos of the glacier (as shown in the video above).

In contrast to glaciers and ice sheets, which sit on the ground, ground ice sits in the ground, mixed with frozen soil or buried under layers of sediment.

Temperature versatility is important because increasing evidence documents dynamic and often unpredicted behavior of ice that could affect environmental conditions — as with glaciers on earth, for example — and explain the evolution of satellites» bodies in space, as with Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's Enceladus.

If a glacier reaches the ocean where the seafloor is shallow, the ice interacts with frigid freshwater and melts slowly.

So when wind pulls warm water up from down deep, the temperature difference experienced at the interface of the water and ice can effectively submerse the glacier in a hot bath, with some areas experiencing more than a 10-fold increase in melt rate.

The chamber lies beneath Europe's largest glacier, the Vatnajökull, and the caldera was filled with ice.

A land forged by fire and ice is losing the latter, and with the glaciers go a cultural and societal touchstone

For that topic the scientists deferred to Don Blankenship, a University of Texas geophysicist and glaciologist with decades of experience using powerful radar to analyze ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica.

The local diversity and unique geologic history (covered by neither glaciers nor oceans for the past 225 million years, the Ozarks provided refuge for migrating species during the Ice Age) explain the richness of the lichens here: some 600 named species, along with 30 recently discovered ones awaiting their official designation.

Results published in May show this region crossed an invisible threshold in 2009, with a dozen major glaciers simultaneously starting to thin, sweating off 60 billion tons of ice per year.

Pluto is more active than scientists dreamed, with mountain chains, roving glaciers and even ice volcanoes.

She recently worked with a biologist in Washington, for example, on a paper about how narwhals use glacial fronts in summertime — the tusked marine mammals appear to be attracted to glaciers with thick ice fronts and freshwater melt that's low in silt, though it's not yet clear why.

There also was an assumption that many melting glaciers on the ice sheet's periphery eventually would retreat to higher ground on this flat bedrock, cutting off contact with warm ocean waters and slowing down the ice sheet's shedding.

That means that as these glaciers retreat, their fronts will remain in contact with warm ocean water that melts ice, rather than hitting higher ground anytime soon.

A new study shows that as a glacier's ice melts, bubbles of pressurized ancient air escape into the water, leading to noise levels even louder than those beneath rain - pounded seas heaving with 6 - meter waves.

This has to do with the physical processes that affect the way ice in a glacier moves and flows out to sea.

The difference could point to a problem with the models, which attempt to account for effects such as the loss of glaciers and ice caps and the fact that a warming ocean takes up more space.

Lead author Dr Malcolm McMillan from the University of Leeds said: «We find that ice losses continue to be most pronounced along the fast - flowing ice streams of the Amundsen Sea sector, with thinning rates of between 4 and 8 metres per year near to the grounding lines of the Pine Island, Thwaites and Smith Glaciers.»

Ice shelves (the floating front edges of glaciers that extend tens to hundreds of miles offshore) melt more because of contact with ocean water below them than they do because of sunlight.

These big game hunters spread their Clovis spearpoints — long and thin with distinctive hollows carved into both sides of the base — across the United States and northern Mexico starting about 13,000 years ago, when they arrived via an ice - free corridor through glacier - covered Alaska and western Canada.

«I don't think we expected ice sheets to run neck - and - neck with mountain glaciers, which basically sit in a warmer climate, this soon,» he said.

The addition of Svalbard will allow the mission to collect data on sea ice and snow in a scarcely measured section of the Arctic Ocean and its surrounding seas, along with measurements of a few glaciers in the Svalbard archipelago.

«Our work shows that the data collected is very well - suited for ice sheet science, and we can combine it with other satellite and airborne data sets to establish a more detailed record of these glaciers.»

Professor Poinar continues, «Mammoths were much better at adapting to new habitats than we first thought — we suspect that subgroups of mammoths evolved to deal with local conditions, but maintained genetic continuity by encountering and potentially interbreeding with each other where their two different habitats met, such as at the edge of glaciers and ice sheets.»

With temperatures around -230 degrees Celcius, these ices tend to behave like glaciers.

Once thought to be a relatively inactive world, being so bitterly cold and far from the Sun, Pluto has been shown to be more geologically active than anticipated, with mountains of solid water ice, canyons, unusual pits, and large, slowly moving glaciers of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide ices.

On the other hand, if the ice shell is sufficiently thick, the less intense interior heat can be transferred to warmer ice at the bottom of the shell, with additional heat generated by tidal flexing of the warmer ice which can slowly rise and flow as do glaciers do on Earth; this slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface to produce the chaos regions.

(See a map of the Earth as it looked towards the end of this period about 650 million years ago, when the climate was more like as it is today with mountain glaciers and polar ice.

Consistent with observed changes in surface temperature, there has been an almost worldwide reduction in glacier and small ice cap (not including Antarctica and Greenland) mass and extent in the 20th century; snow cover has decreased in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere; sea ice extents have decreased in the Arctic, particularly in spring and summer (Chapter 4); the oceans are warming; and sea level is rising (Chapter 5).

Scientists previously thought that only glaciers with sturdy, cold ice, such as in Greenland, could form floating tongues.