Many rivers draining glaciated regions, particularly in the Hindu Kush - Himalaya and the South - American Andes, are sustained by
glacier melt during the summer season (Singh and Kumar, 1997; Mark and Seltzer, 2003; Singh, 2003; Barnett et al., 2005).
In heavily glaciated basins such a Baker River from 20 - 45 % of the total input is from
glacier melt during the latter part of the summer (Pelto, 1996; Post et al; 1971).
Scientists from Rice University and Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi's Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies have discovered that Earth's sea level did not rise steadily but rather in sharp, punctuated bursts when the planet's
glaciers melted during the period of global warming at the close of the last ice age.
«Most
glacier melting during last 150 years can not be said to due to human CO2 emission, nor most of the measured increase in average temperature.»
As
the glaciers melt during the warmer months they follow channels out to the ocean.
Not exact matches
The study also suggests that the accelerated
melting of mountain
glaciers in recent decades may explain a phenomenon that has long puzzled scientists — why Arctic and sub-Arctic rivers have increased their water flow
during the winter even without a correlative increase in rain or snowfall.
«Our observations provide a crucial piece of evidence to support that suspicion, as they directly reveal the intensity of ice
melting at the bottom of the
glaciers during that period,» Khazendar said.
During this period, Earth underwent important changes, starting with a
melting of large
glaciers.
Supraglacial (surface) water on a
glacier is formed by the ice
melting during the summer.
The uplift occurring here is due to present - day
melting of
glaciers and ice fields formed
during the Little Ice Age glacial advance that occurred between 1550 A.D. and 1850 A.D.»
During the two - month run of the show, the
glacier accepted thousands of calls from around the world, expelling its own language of snaps, crackles, and plops while slowly
melting.
During this experience the artist was profoundly inspired by the movements of ice viewed from the ship including
melting glaciers and the icy expanses of the polar ice caps.
The rise in CO2 emissions due to the burning of fossil fuels from 1880 through the 1940's was not sufficient to have played a major role in the considerable global temperature rise that took place
during that period — so if we want to presume that sea level rise is prompted by global temperature rise (along with concomitant
melting of
glaciers, etc.) then we can't really attribute very much of the rise in sea levels
during that period to CO2.
Similarly, Stern Review says in boldface (Section 3.2 «Water», p. 76 of Cambridge U.P. edition)
Melting glaciers and loss of mountain snow will increase flood risk
during wet season and threaten dry - season water supplies to one - sixth of the world's population -LRB-...).
That might well be called nature's global warming because what happens
during an interglacial period is the Earth warms up, the
glaciers melt and life flourishes.
Many hundreds of millions of people (and huge ecosystems) rely for their water on the annual
glacier summer
melts that in many cases may cease
during the next 50 - 100 years, as mountain
glaciers start to disappear.
The effects of
glacier retreat would become evident
during the dry season, particularly in the west where glacial
melt is more important to the river systems.
What could threaten world food security more than the
melting of the
glaciers that feed the major rivers of Asia
during the dry season, the rivers that irrigate the region's rice and wheat fields?
Glaciologists report that the Gangotri
glacier, which supplies 70 percent of the ice
melt that feeds the Ganges River
during the dry season, could disappear entirely in a matter of decades.
As Lester Brown writes in Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization, mountain
glaciers are
melting in the Andes, the Rocky Mountains, the Alps, and elsewhere, but nowhere does this
melting threaten world food security more than in the Himalayas and on the Tibet - Qinghai Plateau, where the
melting of
glaciers could soon deprive the major rivers of India and China of the ice
melt needed to sustain them
during the dry season.
These happen
during warming periods as
glaciers melt and can lead to sea - level rise rates of 4 m per century.
But warming temperatures mean that the
glaciers are
melting at a rate that outpaces their ability to accumulate mass
during the rainy months.
By Sreeja VN: Sizzling underwater glacial ice, as it
melts into warmer sea water, creates one of the loudest natural marine environments, and the air bubbles that pop
during the process could help scientists measure the rate of
glacier melt and track fast - changing polar environments.
As
glacier area is lost there will be a long term decline in
glacier runoff and alpine streamflow
during the
melt season.
However, a large majority of streams in glaciated basins in BC showed a statistically significant decrease in August streamflow
during 1976 to 1996, which suggests that these
glaciers even with increased
melt rates are providing less runoff (Stahl and Moore, 2006).
Annual net balance on eight North Cascades
glaciers during the 1984 - 1994 period has been determined by measurement, of total mass loss from firn and ice
melt and, of residual snow depth at the end of the summer season.
Glaciers provide about 13 km3 of water
during the summer peak
melt period as the Abramov and Fedchenko
glacier are at the headwaters of the Vaksh River (Normatov and Petrov, 2006).
During the early portion of the
melt season May and June,
glaciers store meltwater in their thick snow and firnpack, thus reducing the magnitude of high spring flows.
What was the causal mechanism for the explosive
glacier melt contribution to sea level rise
during the 1920 - 1950 period, when anthropogenic CO2 emissions were flat and low?
One such as Rajendra Pachauri's attack on an Indian scientist for pointing out for four years that the IPCC's claim on Himalayan
glaciers was incorrect
during the period that the consulting firm he led, TERI, was negotiating for a large contract to study the glacial
melting of Himalayan
glaciers.
Glaciers around the world are shrinking and at risk of disappearing, including those in the mountains of Asia whose ice
melt feeds the continent's major rivers
during the dry season.
Melting ice is shown on the Perito Moreno
glacier, in a process of a unexpected rupture,
during the southern hemisphere's winter months, near the city of El Calafate in the Patagonian province of Santa Cruz, southern Argentina, in this July 7, 2008 file photo.
What is known is that
during the period called Little Ice Age, global glacial were advancing, and starting around 1850, instead advancing global
glacier became retreating, this trend of glacial retreat continues to the present time, but not all
glaciers adding
during the Little Ice Age have not yet
melted.
He says that if
glaciers in the region continue to
melt at the rate seen
during the past 30 years, there is a risk that nearly all of them will vanish before the end of the century.
Most of this rise comes from warming of the world's oceans and
melting of mountain
glaciers, which have receded dramatically in many places especially
during the last few decades.
This conclusion has subsequently been supported by an array of evidence that includes both additional large - scale surface temperature reconstructions and pronounced changes in a variety of local proxy indicators, such as
melting on icecaps and the retreat of
glaciers around the world, which in many cases appear to be unprecedented
during at least the last 2000 years.
This reduction in runoff is more evident
during dry months when
glacier melt is the major contribution to runoff (high confidence).
During this year alone studies have warned that climate change could result in the demise of coral reefs, the shutdown of the Gulf stream and related currents,
melting Arctic ice and
glaciers, emerging diseases, bitter winters and drought, changes in vegetation, stronger storms and hurricanes, and mass extinction.
(e.g. according to AR5 sea levels stayed flat
during the little ice, meaning continued ice cap
melt has opposed the ocean cooling and
glacier advance elsewhere.)
Warmer winters and cooler summers results in more snowfall
during the winter and less
melt during the summer allowing
glaciers to advance.
Such temperatures begin to threaten key climate impacts like permafrost thaw, 3 - 4 meters of sea - level rise from West Antarctic Ice Sheet
melt, risk of up to 80 percent mountain
glacier loss, complete Arctic sea ice loss
during summer, and 6 - 7 meters of sea level rise from Greenland
melt.
Second, there is a lot of bad news: Several effects of climate disruption have accelerated
during the past decade, such as the loss of Arctic sea ice, the
melting of big
glaciers and the rise of sea levels.
During the next drafting stage a non-English speaking reviewer in another country relied on Google translator once too often and it ended up mangled as: «Renewables are be able being to supply most electricity in the world when also it is likely the Himalayan
glaciers to
melt.»
The premise for this scare story is that Greenland's
glaciers or the Western Antarctic ice sheet will
melt, but neither of these
melted when temperatures were as high as, or higher than today,
during the Medieval Warm period 1,000 years ago, or the Roman Warm period 1,000 years earlier.
Sea level has risen as the vast continental
glaciers formed
during the last ice age
melted.
Overall in Greenland, the rate of area loss in marine - terminating
glaciers during the 2010
melt season (419 km2) was 3.4 times that of the previous 8 years.
A new NASA study finds that
during Greenland's hottest summers on record, 2010 and 2012, the ice in Rink
Glacier on the island's west coast didn't just
melt faster than usual, it slid through the
glacier's interior in a gigantic wave, like a warmed freezer pop sliding out of its plastic casing.
As I said earlier, it would make sense for sea levels to rise quickly following a cold period like the LIA - the
glaciers that quickly expanded
during that time would just as quickly
melt away.
Glaciers Sizzle, Squirt Bubbles When
Melting To Create Loudest Marine Environment; These Sounds Could Help To Measure Ice
Melt By Sreeja VN: Sizzling underwater glacial ice, as it
melts into warmer sea water, creates one of the loudest natural marine environments, and the air bubbles that pop
during the process could help scientists measure the rate of...
Will (and Crichton) would have been on firmer ground if they had used the example of Norwegian
glaciers, which almost uniquely in the world have been growing because the increase of precipitation
during winter is larger than the increase in
melting in summer.