Time is running out: if global warming continues at its current rate,
glaciers at an altitude below 3,500 metres in the Alps and 5,400 metres in the Andes will have disappeared by the end of the end of the 21st century.
The melting is most pronounced for small
glaciers at altitudes below 17,000 feet, he said, which have lost an average of 4.4 feet of ice thickness per year.
For me, the most convincing actual physical evidence (living in Switzerland) is carbon - dated remains of old trees found under receding
glaciers at altitudes far above today's tree - line.
So
Glaciers at altitude can still be melting as Polar Ice reforms, the OBSERVATIONS showing only LAG of effect from processes possible already have been in effect previously.
Not exact matches
I hadn't worried on the last
glacier; why should I worry on this one just because it was
at a greater
altitude?
Part of the problem is reaching
glaciers that sit
at high
altitudes.
The most - studied Himalayan
glaciers are largely the most accessible, often those
at lower
altitudes, the USAID report said.
Lead researcher Alex Chepstow - Lusty of French Institute of Andean Studies in Lima, Peru, says warmer temperatures enabled the Inca to build mountainside terraces for growing crops
at altitudes previously too cold to support agriculture, and provided meltwater from the Andean
glaciers for irrigation (Climate of the Past, vol 5, p 375).
The first one I looked
at is an «own goal» for the contrarians, as it involves Phil Jones bemoaning the discrepancy between
glacier retreat in high
altitudes, and comparative lack of warming in the UAH troposphere record.
We got our first taste of what it feels like to hike
at altitude, marvelled
at the magical — almost surreal — colour of Laguna 69, touched a
glacier, and were witness to the colourful festivities in celebration of el Señor de la Soledad.
Most of the low latitudes
glaciers are necessarily
at very high
altitudes, and many have both high accumulation rate and very cold temperatures.
To give another, more specific example,
at a typical
glacier on Mt. Baker, in Washington State, a summer temperature increase of 1 °C translates to a ~ 150 m increase in the
altitude of the equilibrium line (the point where annual ice accumulation = annual loss), and a resulting ~ 2 km retreat of the
glacier terminus.
The next ingredient needed to make a tropical
glacier is precipitation, which
at high, cold
altitudes will fall as snow.
The reason there are tropical
glaciers at all is that temperature decreases with
altitude, as a consequence of the compressibility of air.
With the exception of
glaciers that terminate in the ocean, and
glaciers in the polar regions or
at extreme high
altitudes where the temperature is always below freezing, essentially just two things determine whether a
glacier is advancing or retreating: how much snow falls in the winter, and how warm it is during the summer.
Please see / / chge.med.harvard.edu/publications/journals/documents/bamsmosquito.pdf, which depicts the biological «fingerprint» study (where data matches models) and the confluence of data on montane
glacier retreat, upward migration of plant communities and, mosquitoes
at high
altitudes and warming
at same.
Did you know that the ice cap on Greenland is
at far higher
altitudes than required for there to be an
glacier, same
at Antarctic.
Bolivia, which is home to 20 percent of the world's tropical
glaciers (
glaciers that are located
at high
altitudes around the equator), is clearly panicked by the rapidity of glacial melt.
From the head of the
glacier at 1300 m to the mean Equilibrium Line
Altitude (ELA)
at an elevation of 1050 - 1100 m the
glacier flows northward.
The mean annual air temperature
at the long - term ELA of 1170 m is -1.5 °C, as estimated from the Wolverine weather station
at 990 m
altitude about 0.5 km west of the
glacier.
Glaciers, especially those still
at altitude (the lowest already having melted) alter «melt rate» however as the Permanent Ice level rises through the Atmosphere.
It explains why, in
glaciers that are mostly cold, the ice
at high
altitude in the accumulation zone is usually warmer than the ice
at lower
altitude in the ablation zone.
Sheep and dairy farming further north than practical today (Nuuk area Greenland) Treelines higher than
at present (Scandinavia) Deciduous forests (oak, hornbeam) further north than
at present (Sweden, Finland) Grape cultivation further north than practical today (Yorkshire, perhaps southern Norway) Farmsteads
at higher
altitudes than practical today (Britain) or even overrun by
glaciers since (Norway) Citrus trees and other subtropical crops cultivated further north than possible today (China) Driftwood deposited on beaches currently blocked by permanent shelf - ice (Ellesmere land)
There was no significant change in the area of eight other
glacier lakes which were situated
at a higher
altitude and not created by melting.
The first one I looked
at is an «own goal» for the contrarians, as it involves Phil Jones bemoaning the discrepancy between
glacier retreat in high
altitudes, and comparative lack of warming in the UAH troposphere record.
Lower -
altitude glaciers below about 17,700 feet (5400 meters) above sea level are melting twice as fast as those
at higher elevations.
This was because the 5,700m - high
glacier was located on a higher
altitude, which meant that losses in mass from melting could be compensated
at least partly by collection of snowfall, Fujita said.