With its ice cap and
glaciers melting at a rapid rate, the island is at the center of climate change conversation.
The use of the term «collapse,» which connotes an imminent calamity, rather than a long, relatively slow process (
glaciers melting at, literally, a glacial pace) generated quite a bit of chatter in the climate journalism community, but in interviews, scientists defended the word as apt for this situation.
In the real world, effects of AGW are so localized that the top and bottom of the same
glacier melt at different rates.
Consequently exposed to the radiation influx — particularly strong in the tropics at high elevation —
glaciers melt at high rates.
Not exact matches
Natural shifts in ocean currents could account for about half the
melting of Alpine
glaciers in this decade, Matthias Huss and colleagues
at the University of Fribourg reported in June.
The study shows that it's plausible, even if Mars was generally frozen over, that peak daily temperatures in summer might sneak above freezing just enough to cause
melting at the edges of
glaciers.
Millan, a UCI graduate student researcher in Earth system science, and his colleagues analyzed 20 major outlet
glaciers in southeast Greenland using high - resolution airborne gravity measurements and ice thickness data from NASA's Operation IceBridge mission; bathymetry information from NASA's Oceans
Melting Greenland project; and results from the BedMachine version 3 computer model, developed
at UCI.
Speaking
at a development summit, India Prime Minister Manmohan Singh came out in full support of the beleaguered IPCC head Rajendra Pachauri, the first time Singh had addressed the issue after IPCC offered its «regret» on the blunder it committed in predicting that
glaciers in the Himalayas would
melt away by 2035.
Additionally, the Zachariae
glacier at the ice sheet margin began its retreat and moved into deeper water, which exacerbated the
melt, said Bevis.
Scientists from Rice University and Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi's Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies have discovered that Earth's sea level did not rise steadily but rather in sharp, punctuated bursts when the planet's
glaciers melted during the period of global warming
at the close of the last ice age.
Located approximately 16 to 2,300 feet below the
glacier, the five ocean sensors are connected to a weather station
at the surface, creating the first cabled observatory on a floating, moving, and rapidly
melting Greenland
glacier.
More than 80 % of the ice on Africa's highest peak has
melted since the early 20th century, joining other
glaciers that are ebbing from the world's tropical mountains
at an accelerating rate.
A report issued by the United Nations Environment Program in April says
at least 44 lakes in Nepal and Bhutan are filling so rapidly with icy water from
melting glaciers that they could burst their banks within five to 10 years.
Glaciers in Alaska's Denali National Park are
melting faster than
at any time in the past four centuries because of rising summer temperatures, a new study finds.
So when the team returned to their flight paths five years later, they were surprised
at how fast the coastal
glaciers had
melted.
The ice cores showed the
glaciers on Mt. Hunter are
melting more now than
at any time in the past 400 years.
Ask any schoolkid how the first people came to the Americas, and you might get some version of the following: They crossed a spit of land connecting Alaska and Siberia and made their way south between
melting glaciers at the end of the last ice age.
«We still don't know exactly where the meltwater came from, but given that the average temperature
at the nearest weather station has risen by about 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) over the last 50 years, it makes sense that snow and ice are
melting and the resulting water is seeping down beneath the
glacier,» Thompson said.
If the ice
at the bottom of a
glacier melts, the point where it connects to the bedrock moves backward, farther inland, losing ice to the ocean in the process.
I spoke to him back on July 24th, just before he left for an extended visit to the
melting glaciers of Greenland; I called him
at his office in Washington, D.C.
Glacial collapse is unprecedented in western Tibet, which for decades has resisted the effects of climate change while
glaciers in southern and eastern Tibet have
melted at an accelerating rate.
A key step forward came last year when scientists
at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, using remote sensing equipment, found that snow and
glacier melt is extremely important to the Indus and Brahmaputra basins, but less critical to others.
These include the investigation into leaked e-mails from University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC's) gaffe about rapid
melting of Himalayan
glaciers, and the failure to achieve a strong outcome
at the Copenhagen climate conference last December.
What's more, dust freed from within
glaciers as the ice
melts can seed new cryoconite granules, says Andy Hodson, who studies
glacier ecology
at the University of Sheffield.
Also in the mid-1990s, another group of scientists proposed the now widely accepted mechanism for how lakes can form under
glaciers: Heat radiating from Earth's interior is trapped under the thick, insulating ice sheet, and pressure from the weight of all the ice above it lowers the
melting point of the ice
at the bottom.
Research led by The University of Texas
at Austin has found that wind is responsible for bringing warm water to Totten's underbelly, causing the
glacier to
melt from below.
So when wind pulls warm water up from down deep, the temperature difference experienced
at the interface of the water and ice can effectively submerse the
glacier in a hot bath, with some areas experiencing more than a 10-fold increase in
melt rate.
«We want to preserve the information contained in the
glaciers before they start
melting,» says Carlo Barbante, professor of analytical chemistry
at the University of Venice and a co-founder of the project.
Sea levels have also risen due to
melting glaciers and ice sheets
at the poles.
The entire cave system flooded
at the end of the last ice age, when
melting glaciers raised sea levels.
Also
at the AGU meeting, Yasunari's co-author and Goddard colleague William Lau presented the results of a separate study today suggesting that soot heating the atmosphere over India could accelerate the
glacier -
melting effects of the warm currents that rise up to the Himalayan chain, in a «heat pump» effect.
MELT ZONE The Totten ice shelf (shown here) holds back a massive
glacier, which drains a France - sized portion of East Antarctica and could raise sea levels by
at least 3.5 meters if it slides into the sea.
Himalayan
glaciers are
melting and retreating
at their edges because of global warming.
A computer model and radar data show that one
melting glacier the size of Uruguay could wreak havoc
at the bottom of the world — and far beyond
At its calving front, where the
glacier effectively ends as it breaks off into icebergs, some of the ice
melts while the rest is pushed out, floating into the ocean.
A new study by scientists
at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, and the University of California, Irvine, shows that while ice sheets and
glaciers continue to
melt, changes in weather and climate over the past decade have caused Earth's continents to soak up and store an extra 3.2 trillion tons of water in soils, lakes and underground aquifers, temporarily slowing the rate of sea level rise by about 20 percent.
These findings suggest that Greenland's
glaciers have been experiencing increasing ice loss for
at least three decades — a result that may reinforce scientists» concerns over the stability of the
melting ice sheet.
For a pair of recent studies, UCI and NASA JPL scientists examined three neighboring
glaciers in West Antarctica that are
melting and retreating
at different rates.
«Our observations provide a crucial piece of evidence to support that suspicion, as they directly reveal the intensity of ice
melting at the bottom of the
glaciers during that period,» Khazendar said.
That's because the IPCC models only take into account temperature changes
at the surface of
glaciers, but not the rapid
melting that occurs when
glaciers calve and break up into the ocean, Rignot said.
The studies examined three neighboring
glaciers that are
melting and retreating
at different rates.
Two new studies by researchers
at the University of California, Irvine and NASA have found the fastest ongoing rates of
glacier retreat ever observed in West Antarctica and offer an unprecedented look
at ice
melting on the floating undersides of
glaciers.
Co-author Dr Ivan Haigh, lecturer in coastal oceanography
at the University of Southampton and also based
at NOCS, adds: «Historical observations show a rising sea level from about 1800 as sea water warmed up and
melt water from
glaciers and ice fields flowed into the oceans.
Add to your check list of reality the fact that Himalayan
glaciers are
melting at an alarming rate (see RC threads on tropical
glacier melt); enough so that flash flooding, from overflowing
glacier -
melt lakes, is a serious and life - threatening concern of downstream populations.
Geothermal heat flux can contribute to basal
melt and so facilitate sliding
at the base of the
glacier.
Global warming will also mean more forest fires; hurricanes hitting cities that are
at present too far north of the equator to be affected by them; tropical diseases spreading beyond their present zones; the extinction of species unable to adapt to warmer temperatures; retreating
glaciers and
melting polar icecaps; and rising seas inundating coastal areas.
Either the
glaciers would have to flow into the ocean
at unrealistic rates, or rapid
melting would have to be triggered over a much larger area of the ice sheet than current evidence suggests.
Student project of Mainz University installs wind - catching screen
at the Swiss Rhône
glacier to test its effect on its
melting rate
In countless interviews scientists have cautioned that
melting glaciers like Greenland and Antarctica will take hundred of years
at least.
Anders Levermann, a professor of dynamics of the climate system
at Potsdam University, Germany, suggested that half was a result of thermal expansion, and half was from
melt water from
glaciers.