Sentences with word «glia»

The researchers used an adult mouse model genetically engineered to express Ascl1 in Müller glia in response to tamoxifen, a commonly used breast cancer drug.

We propose that the age - related decline in the regenerative behavior of glial cells is caused by loss of cell - to - cell communication and changes in the internal gene expression of glia cells.

We know that the spirochete can penetrate the blood - brain barrier, and we know it attaches to brain cells called glia in a test tube, but we don't know whether active, living spirochetes or the patient's inflammatory response is causing the symptoms.»

One kind, called radial glia, serve as a scaffolding in the embryonic brain.

They found 118 genes that were on when they should have been off or off when they should have been on, compared with glia from healthy people.

In vivo conversion of Müller glia into photoreceptors through cell fusion - mediated reprogramming.

Researchers have only recently begun to catalog the functions of the remaining cells, known as glia.

«We can generate glial progenitors from reprogrammed human skin cells,» he says, «and have already created mice with glia from schizophrenic patients.»

Subsequent studies showed that inhibiting the inflammatory molecules released by glia could reverse hyperalgesia and tolerance in the rats.

Glia do everything from holding neurons in place to supplying them with nutrients and oxygen to protecting them from pathogens.

Loss of Bergmann glia support leads to dysfunction of Purkinje neurons and their circuits.

A study in the International Society for Stem Cell Research's journal Stem Cell Reports, published by Cell Press on November 20 shows that a Sox2 protein, alone or in combination with another protein, Ascl1, can cause nonneuronal cells, called NG2 glia, to turn into neurons in the injured cerebral cortex of adult mice.

But neurons grown with glia making APOE4 often died.

He still was not a neural engineer, but he was getting closer, because as it turns out, there is another really important thing to know about glia — they protect the brain from foreign intruders.

As the number of neural synapses declined, the Müller glia also became sickly, pulling their branches away from neurons and dividing haphazardly.

2008 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Meeting on Glia in Health & Disease.

Notch signaling is essential for radial glia stem cell proliferation and a determinant of neuronal number in the mammalian cortex.

Our studies reveal previously - unknown roles for glia in pioneer - axon guidance, and suggest conserved principles of brain formation.

Importantly, CFC research has underscored the importance of crosstalk between retinal ganglion cells and surrounding glia in glaucoma progression, suggesting important new strategies for slowing or halting disease.

«When Watkins first began talking about how glia drive pain, almost no one believed her; now almost everyone does,» say David Thomas, a program officer at the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Desiree Krebs - Kraft of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, counted the number of actively dividing glia (nonneuron brain cells) in the medial amygdala (MeA) of four - day - old rats.

Currently, we know that glia become activated in glaucoma, but we do not know by what process.

This proposal is aimed at determining if dying neurons in the retina (ganglion cells) signal to the retinal glia by releasing ATP through specialized channels made up of a protein called Pannexin1.

Using now - standard techniques, the researchers first turned the skin cells into stem cells very much like those in human embryos and next into human glia - making cells, then injected those into the brains of a few dozen newborn mice and watched what happened.

«Another contribution of this study is that glia play an important protective role against oxidative stress in neurodegeneration,» Bellen said.

Next, teaming up with electrophysiologists William Grimes, Ph.D. and Fred Rieke, Ph.D. of UW Medicine (Grimes has since moved to the University of Maryland, College Park), they looked at the cells» electrophysiological activity in the presence of light, taking advantage of the fact that Müller glia respond to light in a distinct, measurable pattern.

Potokar M, Stenovec M, Jorgačevski J, Holen T, Kreft M, Ottersen OP, Zorec R Regulation of AQP4 surface expression via vesicle mobility in astrocytes Glia (in press) PubMed 23505074

Ormel L, Stensrud MJ, Bergersen LH, Gundersen V (2012) VGLUT1 is localized in astrocytic processes in several brain regions Glia, 60 (2), 229 - 38 PubMed 22009457

They found that when microglia were also lost, Müller glia showed almost no regenerative activity after three days of recovery, compared with approximately 75 percent regeneration in the control population.

The next step is to boost Müller glia numbers.

In addition to shedding light on how abnormal glia can cause schizophrenia, the study underlined how readily mouse brains accept human cells.

The aberrantly silenced DNA included some identified in a landmark study of schizophrenia genetics, such as those that turn glia into astrocytes, are involved in myelination, or allow synapses to transmit signals.

Schizophrenic brains have abnormally low myelination, especially when the disease strikes in childhood; defective glia may be why.

And research spun out of neuroscientist Linda Watkins's group at the University of Colorado in Boulder is testing a new pain drug that may tame glia in the spinal cord by blocking a signaling protein on their surface.

The results suggested that opioids may trigger glia to set off system - wide pain signaling that both counteracts the pain relief from the drug and makes the body generally more sensitive to pain.

Krebs - Kraft found that females had more dividing MeA glia than males did.

The mice benefited from human stem cells called glial progenitors, immature cells poised to become astrocytes and other glia cells, the supposed support cells of the brain.

The mental sensations of self, desire, fear, love and hate seem better understood in the light of Fields's discoveries about the manner in which glia interact with neural synapses and interact with one another.

German pathologist Rudolf Virchow coined the name glia in 1856, and for well over a century the cells were treated as passive inhabitants of the brain.

Ramón y Cajal didn't think glia were necessarily just glue, however.

The findings reveal that NG2 glia represent a promising target for neuronal cell replacement strategies to treat traumatic brain injury.

But the more neuroscientists examine glia, the more versatile these cells turn out to be.

Rather, Verkhratsky argues, the apparent advantages afforded by human astrocytes may be a consequence of their housekeeping abilities, underscoring the interdependence between glia and neurons.

It has been difficult, however, to convert glia into neurons after brain injuries such as stroke in the adult cerebral cortex of living animals.

When the researchers injected human umbilical stem cells behind the retinas of these rats, the Müller glia remained healthy, as did the neural synapses.

Long, tree - shaped cells called Müller glia span the entire thickness of the retina, wrapping their branches around neurons to support their health and encourage the development of synapses.

On both sides, neural support cells called glia appear in purple.

He and his group investigate the functional roles of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors in neurons and glia using morphological, electrophysiological and molecular biological techniques.