«[it is] erroneous to suggest that the estimate of
the global average ocean temperature is given by the instrument accuracy divided by the square root of the number of observations (as you would if the observations were of the same quantity).»
It is therefore erroneous to suggest that the estimate of
the global average ocean temperature is given by the instrument accuracy divided by the square root of the number of observations (as you would if the observations were of the same quantity):
According to NOAA,
the global average ocean temperature for the first half of the year is 1.42 °F (0.79 °C) above the 20th century average, the largest such departure in 137 years of records.
September, for example, had the highest
global average ocean temperatures on record, for any month, since 1880, according to NOAA, with a global average temperature of 61.1 degrees Fahrenheit.
Not exact matches
But climate models predict reductions in dissolved oxygen in all
oceans as
average global air and sea
temperatures rise, and this may be the main driver of what is happening there, she says.
Land and
Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6
Ocean Combined: The combined
average temperature over
global land and
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century
average of 60.1 °F (15.6 °C).
The
global average temperature over land and
ocean surfaces for January to October 2014 was the highest on record, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
NOAA said the combined
global land and
ocean average surface
temperature for the January - October period was 0.68 °C (1.22 °F) above the 20th century
average of 14.1 °C (57.4 °F).
Ocean Only: The August
global sea surface
temperature was 1.17 °F (0.65 °C) above the 20th century
average of 61.4 °F (16.4 °C), the highest on record for August.
Ocean Only: The global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only
Ocean Only: The
global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only
ocean surface
temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above
average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only 1998.
Ocean Only: The June - August
global sea surface
temperature was 1.13 °F (0.63 °C), above the 20th century
average of 61.5 °F (16.4 °C), the highest for June - August on record.
Their findings, based on output from four
global climate models of varying
ocean and atmospheric resolution, indicate that
ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Shelf is projected to warm twice as fast as previously projected and almost three times faster than the
global average.
Too much debate treats
temperature (and especially the most recent
global average) as the sole indicator, whereas many other factors are at play including sea levels,
ocean acidity, ice sheets, ecosystem trends, and many more.
Average global land and
ocean temperatures have climbed at a rate of 0.2 °C per decade since 1976, according to data compiled by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in Geneva, Switzerland.
Phenomena such as El Niño or La Niña, which warm or cool the tropical Pacific
Ocean, can contribute to short - term variations in
global average temperature.
So the report notes that the current «pause» in new
global average temperature records since 1998 — a year that saw the second strongest El Nino on record and shattered warming records — does not reflect the long - term trend and may be explained by the
oceans absorbing the majority of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases as well as the cooling contributions of volcanic eruptions.
The
global ocean temperature was a major contributor to the
global average, as its departure from
average for the period was also highest on record, at 0.63 °C (1.13 °F) above
average.
The
average August
temperature for the
global oceans was record high for the month, at 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) above the 20th century
average, beating the previous record set in 2005 by 0.08 °C (0.14 °F).
With records dating back to 1880, the
global temperature across the world's land and
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was 0.75 °C (1.35 °F) higher than the 20th century
average of 15.6 °C (60.1 °F).
With ENSO - neutral conditions present during the first half of 2013, the January — June
global temperature across land and
ocean surfaces tied with 2003 as the seventh warmest such period, at 0.59 °C (1.06 °F) above the 20th century
average.
Global mean
temperatures averaged over land and
ocean surfaces, from three different estimates, each of which has been independently adjusted for various homogeneity issues, are consistent within uncertainty estimates over the period 1901 to 2005 and show similar rates of increase in recent decades.
The ratio of these gases in the atmosphere therefore allows for the calculation of
average global ocean temperature.
These rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an increase in
global average temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed by the
oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in surface
ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).
With the contribution of such record warmth at year's end and with 10 months of the year record warm for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second warmest for January and April was third warmest), the
average global temperature across land and
ocean surface areas for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century
average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29 °F).
(1) The warm sea surface
temperatures are not just some short - term anomaly but are part of a long - term observed warming trend, in which
ocean temperatures off the US east coast are warming faster than
global average temperatures.
Temperature changes relative to the corresponding
average for 1901 - 1950 (°C) from decade to decade from 1906 to 2005 over the Earth's continents, as well as the entire globe,
global land area and the
global ocean (lower graphs).
El Niño is a recurring climate pattern defined by above -
average ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific that affect weather patterns around the world, leading to a slight uptick in
global temperatures.
For the
oceans, the November
global sea surface
temperature was 0.84 °C (1.51 °F) above the 20th century
average of 15.8 °C (60.4 °F), the highest for November on record, surpassing the previous record set last year by 0.20 °C (0.36 °F).
The June globally
averaged sea surface
temperature was 1.39 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 61.5 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for June in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.05 °F.
The year - to - date
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.89 °F above the 20th century
average of 56.3 °F.
The May globally
averaged sea surface
temperature was 1.37 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 61.3 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for May in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.09 °F.
The June — August
average temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.60 °F above the 20th century
average of 60.1 °F.
The August
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.66 °F above the 20th century
average of 60.1 °F.
Similar to the March — May
global land and
ocean surface
temperature, the March — May land surface
temperature was also the fourth highest three - month departure from
average for any three - month period on record.
The April
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.98 °F above the 20th century
average of 56.7 °F.
The April globally
averaged sea surface
temperature was 1.44 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 60.9 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for April in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.25 °F and besting 1998, the last time a similar strength El Niño occurred, by 0.43 °F.
The July globally
averaged sea surface
temperature was 1.42 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 61.5 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for July in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.07 °F.
The
global land and
ocean temperature during January has increased at an
average rate of +0.07 °C (+0.13 °F) per decade since 1880; however, the
average rate of increase is twice as great since 1975.
July 2016 marks the 40th consecutive July with
global ocean temperatures at least nominally above the 20th century
average.
The July
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.57 °F above the 20th century
average of 60.4 °F.
The May
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.57 °F above the 20th century
average of 58.6 °F.
During the final month, the December combined
global land and
ocean average surface
temperature was the highest on record for any month in the 136 - year record.
The Fourth Assessment Report finds that «Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in
global average air and
ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising mean sea level.
The September globally
averaged sea surface
temperature was 1.33 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 61.1 °F, tying with 2014 as the second highest
global ocean temperature for September in the 1880 — 2016 record, behind 2015 by 0.16 °F.
Is it accurate to produce a
global average which gives the
ocean temperature more weight than land?
The October
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.31 °F above the 20th century
average of 57.1 °F.
The September — November
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.39 °F above the 20th century
average of 57.1 °F.
The November
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.31 °F above the 20th century
average of 55.2 °F.
During the final month, the December combined
global land and
ocean average surface
temperature was the third highest for December in the 137 - year record.
The September
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.60 °F above the 20th century
average of 59.0 °F.