This is a direct estimate of
global average sea surface temperature.
The global average sea surface temperature (SST) change over time since 1991.
On the previous sea surface temperature thread, I stated «Do you for one minute believe that the uncertainty in
global average sea surface temperature in the 19th century is 0.3 C?
Back in 2009, by analysing the data, I found that
the global average sea surface temperature, the SST, stays fairly constant when the Sun is averaging around 40 sunspots per month.
The seasonal variation in the earth's
global average sea surface temperature is only about 0.5 degrees Kelvin, being hotter in April and colder in October (see e.g. http://discover.itsc.uah.edu/amsutemps/execute.csh?amsutemps).
Global average sea surface temperatures rose rapidly from the 1970s but have been relatively flat for the past 15 years.
Figure 3: Global mean sea level variations (light line) computed from the TOPEX / POSEIDON satellite altimeter data compared with
the global averaged sea surface temperature variations (dark line) for 1993 to 1998.
MAY: Spencer:
Global Average Sea Surface Temperatures Poised for a Plunge https://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/05/20/spencer-global-average-sea-surface-temperatures-poised-for-a-plunge/
Not exact matches
Ocean Only: The August
global sea surface temperature was 1.17 °F (0.65 °C) above the 20th century
average of 61.4 °F (16.4 °C), the highest on record for August.
Ocean Only: The June - August
global sea surface temperature was 1.13 °F (0.63 °C), above the 20th century
average of 61.5 °F (16.4 °C), the highest for June - August on record.
Of course, while short - term changes in
sea level can be predicted fairly accurately based on the motions of the moon and sun, it is a lot harder predicting the ups and downs of the
average global surface temperature — there is a lot of noise, or natural variation, in the system.
The
average global sea surface temperature tied with 2010 as the second highest for January — August in the 135 - year period of record, behind 1998, while the
average land
surface temperature was the fifth highest.
In August
global sea surface temperatures reached record levels — the
average temperature was 1.17 degrees Fahrenheit higher than the 20th century
average.
(1) The warm
sea surface temperatures are not just some short - term anomaly but are part of a long - term observed warming trend, in which ocean
temperatures off the US east coast are warming faster than
global average temperatures.
For the oceans, the November
global sea surface temperature was 0.84 °C (1.51 °F) above the 20th century
average of 15.8 °C (60.4 °F), the highest for November on record, surpassing the previous record set last year by 0.20 °C (0.36 °F).
The June globally
averaged sea surface temperature was 1.39 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 61.5 °F — the highest
global ocean
temperature for June in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.05 °F.
The May globally
averaged sea surface temperature was 1.37 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 61.3 °F — the highest
global ocean
temperature for May in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.09 °F.
The April globally
averaged sea surface temperature was 1.44 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 60.9 °F — the highest
global ocean
temperature for April in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.25 °F and besting 1998, the last time a similar strength El Niño occurred, by 0.43 °F.
The July globally
averaged sea surface temperature was 1.42 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 61.5 °F — the highest
global ocean
temperature for July in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.07 °F.
The September globally
averaged sea surface temperature was 1.33 °F above the 20th century monthly
average of 61.1 °F, tying with 2014 as the second highest
global ocean
temperature for September in the 1880 — 2016 record, behind 2015 by 0.16 °F.
Cooling
sea -
surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific Ocean — part of a natural warm and cold cycle — may explain why
global average temperatures have stabilized in recent years, even as greenhouse gas emissions have been warming the planet.
«On May 22nd, 2014,
global sea surface temperature anomalies spiked to an amazing +1.25 degrees Celsius above the, already warmer than normal, 1979 to 2000
average.
Using monthly -
averaged global satellite records from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP [5]-RRB- and the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in conjunction with
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) extended and reconstructed SST (ERSST) dataset [7] we have examined the reliability of long - term cloud measurements.
The increase in these winds has caused eastern tropical Pacific cooling, amplified the Californian drought, accelerated
sea level rise three times faster than the
global average in the Western Pacific and has slowed the rise of
global average surface temperatures since 2001.
The
sea surface temperatures along the coast are 5 degrees F. or more above
average and 1 degree F. is from
global warming.
Global average temperature is lower during glacial periods for two primary reasons: 1) there was only about 190 ppm CO2 in the atmosphere, and other major greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) were also lower 2) the earth
surface was more reflective, due to the presence of lots of ice and snow on land, and lots more
sea ice than today (that is, the albedo was higher).
This February's
sea surface temperatures were 1.46 degrees above
average, which means the past nine months have been the nine highest monthly
global ocean
temperature departures on record.
Although the IPCC climate models have performed remarkably well in projecting
average global surface temperature warming thus far, Rahmstorf et al. (2012) found that the IPCC underestimated
global average sea level rise since 1993 by 60 %.
It compiles a diverse set of
sea surface (not deep water)
temperature proxies to estimate a spatially - weighted
global average temperature anomaly.
We might expect «
global warming» (i.e., an increase in
average surface air
temperatures over a few decades) to lead to a rise in
global mean
sea levels.
and here are
global sea surface temperatures (x10) plotted against the Nino3.4 region
average from the tropical E. Pacific which suggests a relationship between SSTs and
global temperatures which lag the former.
The
global temperature records use a blend of air and
sea -
surface temperatures, while
global average temperatures from climate models typically use just air
temperatures.
During that same period,
average annual rainfall in New South Wales declined by 3.6 inches (92 millimeters).3 Scientists think the decline in autumn rainfall in southeast Australia since the late 1950s may be partly due to increases in heat - trapping gases in Earth's atmosphere.3, 14 Major bushfires over southeast Australia are linked to the positive phase of an ocean cycle called the «Indian Ocean Dipole» — when
sea surface temperatures are warmer than
average in the western Indian Ocean, likely in response to
global warming.15, 16
Increase in
sea surface temperature (
global average increase of 0.11 ⁰ C between 1971 and 2010) 3.
You are spending a lot of time rationalizing WHY there was a «standstill» in
global warming (as measured by the «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly»).
Changes in instrumentation and data availability have caused time - varying biases in estimates of
global - and regional -
average sea -
surface temperature.
The metric used by IPCC in all its reports for past and projected future «
global warming» has been the «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly» (as reported by HadCRUT3).
Uncertainties of estimated trends in
global - and regional -
average sea -
surface temperature due to bias adjustments since the Second World War are found to be larger than uncertainties arising from the choice of analysis technique, indicating that this is an important source of uncertainty in analyses of historical
sea -
surface temperatures.
The Japan Meteorological Agency said
sea surface temperatures around Japan had been up by an
average of 1.07 degrees Celsius in the past 100 years, which is double the
global average warming rate.
They conclude that while the rate of increase of
average global surface temperatures has slowed since 1998, melting of Arctic ice, rising
sea levels, and warming oceans have continued apace.
The period of increased warming from 1987 to 1997 loosely coincided with the divergence of the
global average temperature anomalies over land, which are derived from observation station recordings, and the
global average anomalies in
sea surface temperatures.
The
global average sea -
surface temperature, which set a record last year, is likely to equal or surpass that record in 2015.
The increase in the
global average temperature anomaly and the divergence of land and
sea surface temperatures also coincided with two significant changes in
global average cloud cover.
Normally you can run GCM for centuries with a stable realistic
surface temperature, but take the CO2 out, and in 5 - 10 years it has dropped 30 C in
global average temperature and is half - covered in
sea ice due to a powerful water vapor feedback in response to any
global temperature change.
However you slice it, lolwot, there is a current «pause» (or «standstill») in the warming of the «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly» (used by IPCC to measure «
global warming»), despite unabated human GHG emissions and CO2 levels (Mauna Loa) reaching record levels.
This was warm enough to set another milestone that had already been set two previous times this year; the
average global sea surface temperature was so warm in September that it broke the all - time record for the highest departure from
average for any month since 1880, at 1.19 degrees Fahrenheit above
average.
Observed changes in (a)
global average surface temperature; (b)
global average sea level rise from tide gauge (blue) and satellite (red) data and (c) Northern Hemisphere snow cover for March - April.
The first line of the file gives it away though: file created = 2010-08-20 20:22:14 title = Daily
global average temperature at:
Sea Surface
(2) the «
Sea Surface»
temperatures, which are
averaged over the
global ice - free oceans (60N to 60S), from the AMSR - E instrument on Aqua.
The evidence comes from direct measurements of rising
surface air
temperatures and subsurface ocean
temperatures and, indirectly, from increases in
average global sea levels, retreating glaciers, and changes in many physical and biological systems.