The Under2 Coalition's Policy Action work supports the most ambitious state and regional governments around the world to develop and implement climate policies that are consistent with keeping
global average temperature increase well below 2 °C.
Reaffirming the unwavering commitment of parties to keep
global average temperature increase well below 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels and the continuum approach between mitigation, adaptation, loss & damage and finance that is required to ensure equity before 2020.
Not exact matches
WHEREAS, in furtherance of the united effort to address the effects of climate change, in 2015 the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCC met in Paris, France and entered into a historic agreement in which 195 nations, including the United States, were signatories and agreed to determine their own target contribution to mitigate climate change by holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, among other terms (the «Paris Agreement»);
A federal report released in November 2016 laid out a strategy for the United States to «deeply decarbonize» its economy by 2050, and said that developing carbon dioxide removal techniques «may be necessary in the long run to constrain
global average temperature increases to
well below 2 °C.»
«This Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the [2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change], including its objective, aims to strengthen the
global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including by: (a) Holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change; (b)
Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production; and (c) Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate - resilient development.
On Dec. 12, 2015, the 21st Conference of the Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change approved the Paris Agreement committing 195 nations of the world to «holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C.»
The Paris Agreement sets the goal of holding the
increase in the
global average mean
temperature to
well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels but calls for efforts to limit that
increase to 1.5 °C.
The risk assessment stems from the objective stated in the 2015 Paris Agreement regarding climate change that society keep
average global temperatures «
well below» a 2 °C (3.6 °F)
increase from what they were before the Industrial Revolution.
It is
well - established in the scientific community that
increases in atmospheric CO2 levels result in
global warming, but the magnitude of the effect may vary depending on
average global temperature.
Mr. Cuccinelli is
well known for his harassment of Michael Mann, a climate scientist vilified by industry apologists for creating the «Hockey Stick» graph illustrating the
increase of
average global temperature measurements over the last millennium.
The main aim of the Paris Agreement is to keep a
global average temperature rise this century
well below 2 degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the
temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
Item 8 could be confusing in having so many messages: «It is extremely likely that more than half of the observed
increase in
global average surface
temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic
increase in greenhouse gas... The
best estimate of the human - induced contribution to warming is similar to the observed warming over this period....
This is the difference between countries» pledged commitments to reduce emissions of heat - trapping greenhouse gases after 2020 and scientifically calculated trajectories giving
good odds of keeping
global warming below the threshold for danger countries pledged to try to avoid in climate talks in 2010 (to «hold the
increase in
global average temperature below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels»).
(a) To hold the
increase in the
global average temperature [below 1.5 °C][or][
well below 2 °C] above pre-industrial levels by ensuring deep reductions in
global greenhouse gas [net] emissions;...
In the landmark Paris Climate Agreement, the world's nations have committed to «holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels».
For example, if this contribution were to grow linearly with
global average temperature change, the upper ranges of sea level rise for SRES scenarios shown in Table SPM - 3 would
increase by 0.1 m to 0.2 m. Larger values can not be excluded, but understanding of these effects is too limited to assess their likelihood or provide a
best estimate or an upper bound for sea level rise.
(ppm) Year of Peak Emissions Percent Change in
global emissions Global average temperature increase above pre-industrial at equilibrium, using «best estimate» climate sensitivity CO 2 concentration at stabilization (2010 = 388 ppm) CO 2
global emissions
Global average temperature increase above pre-industrial at equilibrium, using «best estimate» climate sensitivity CO 2 concentration at stabilization (2010 = 388 ppm) CO 2
Global average temperature increase above pre-industrial at equilibrium, using «
best estimate» climate sensitivity CO 2 concentration at stabilization (2010 = 388 ppm) CO 2 - eq.
But even if this new trend continues, «it is not yet at a rate that would meet the long - term
temperature goal of the Paris Agreement of holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 3.6 °F (2 °C) above preindustrial levels.»
Should the veracity of the GH theory not have to answer to these far more detailed predictions then to a simple estimation of
increased surface
temperature, and using whichever of the various means of arriving at a
global average best matches that one parameter?
The Kigali Amendment will significantly contribute to the goals contained in the Paris Agreement «to pursue efforts to limit the [
average global]
temperature increase to 1.5 ° Celsius» as
well as directly support the decision within the Paris Agreement to enhance near - term mitigation.
Is there any reliable,
well documented estimate of the discounted damage costs attributable to
increasing CO2 concentration, or to an
increase in
average global temperature?
The Paris Agreement1 «aims to strengthen the
global response to the threat of climate change... by: Holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2oC above pre-industrial levels...»
By setting clear, «science - based» emissions reduction targets, companies ensure their plans for carbon reduction meet the level of ambition needed to limit the
increase in
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C.
Substantial scientific evidence indicates that an
increase in the
global average temperature of more than 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (°F)(or 2 degrees Celsius [°C]-RRB- above pre-industrial levels poses severe risks to natural systems and to human health and
well - being.
' emissions reduction targets, companies ensure their plans for carbon reduction meet the level of ambition needed to limit the
increase in
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C.
[Hold] the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change
At the heart of the Paris Agreement is the «long - term goal» committing almost 200 countries to keep the
global average temperature increase to «
well below 2 °C» above pre-industrial levels.
The Paris Agreement achieved at COP21 aims to strengthen the
global response to the threat of climate change namely by «holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.»
The Paris Agreement aims to hold the
increase in
global average temperature over the industrial era to
well below 2 °C and to pursue efforts to limit the
increase to 1.5 °C.
The 2015 Paris Agreement includes a two - headed
temperature goal: «holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C.
The
best projections show that
average global temperatures are likely to
increase 3.1 - 7.2 ° F (1.8 - 4.0 ° C) by the end of the century depending on the amount of carbon emissions.
The
well below freezing surface winter
temperatures of Northern high latitudes are such wildly variable almost non-correlated data points which tell almost nothing of the real warming (i.e.
increase in heat content of the Earth system) but may affect in an unpredictable way the
global average surface
temperature.
The Agreement aims to keep
global average temperature rise «
well below» the 2 °C previously agreed, and to pursue efforts to limit the
increase to 1.5 °C.
Under the Paris Agreement, Parties have agreed to hold the
increase in
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C and to pursue efforts to limit the
increase to 1.5 °C.
a)
increases in CO2 cause anything but negligible warming; b)
increases in
average global temperature cause more harm than
good
The Paris Agreement was a major step forward for international cooperation on tackling climate change; not only did Parties agree to the ambitious mitigation goal of limiting
average global temperature increase to
well below 2 °C, but they also agreed to a wide array of processes and tools aimed at achieving this goal.
b. All nations agreed to limit the
increase in
global average temperatures to «
well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels» — the level beyond which scientists believe the Earth will likely begin to experience rapid
global warming and to «pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels», a warming amount which may also cause serious
global harms particularly to many poor, vulnerable nations.
Based on current knowledge, however, it appears that achieving a high probability of limiting
global average temperature rise to 2C will require that the
increase in greenhouse - gas concentrations as
well as all the other warming and cooling influences on
global climate in the year 2100, as compared with 1750, should add up to a net warming no greater than what would be associated with a CO2 concentration of about 400 parts per million (ppm).
Holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 ℃ above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels, recognising that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.
The main aim of the Paris Agreement is to keep a
global average temperature rise this century
well below 2 degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the
temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
The Paris Agreement committed countries to addressing the «significant gap» between their current pledges and «aggregate emission pathways consistent with holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels,» while also «pursuing efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels.»
Paleoclimatological Context and Reference Level of the 2 °C and 1.5 °C Paris Agreement Long - Term
Temperature Limits The Paris Agreement adopted in December 2015 during the COP21 conference stipulates that the increase in the global average temperature is to be kept well below 2 °C above «pre-industrial levels» and that efforts are pursued to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above «pre-industrial lev
Temperature Limits The Paris Agreement adopted in December 2015 during the COP21 conference stipulates that the
increase in the
global average temperature is to be kept well below 2 °C above «pre-industrial levels» and that efforts are pursued to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above «pre-industrial lev
temperature is to be kept
well below 2 °C above «pre-industrial levels» and that efforts are pursued to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above «pre-industrial lev
temperature increase to 1.5 °C above «pre-industrial levels.»
And all this must be accomplished while meeting the pollution - cutting objectives of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, which calls for limiting
average global temperature increases to «
well below» 2 °C elsius.
The Paris Agreement on mitigating climate change seeks to limit emissions with the goal of holding the
increase in the
global average temperature to
well below 2 C above preindustrial levels while also pursuing efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 C.
Parties [shall][agree to] to take urgent action and enhance [cooperation][support] so as to (a) Hold the
increase in the
global average temperature [below 2 °C][below 1.5 °C][
well below 2 °C][below 2 °C or 1.5 °C][below 1.5 °C or 2 °C][as far below 2 °C as possible] above pre-industrial levels by ensuring deep cuts in
global greenhouse gas [net] emissions.
«Climate science» as it is used by warmists implies adherence to a set of beliefs: (1)
Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will warm the Earth's surface and atmosphere; (2) Human production of CO2 is producing significant
increases in CO2 concentration; (3) The rate of rise of
temperature in the 20th and 21st centuries is unprecedented compared to the rates of change of
temperature in the previous two millennia and this can only be due to rising greenhouse gas concentrations; (4) The climate of the 19th century was ideal and may be taken as a standard to compare against any current climate; (5)
global climate models, while still not perfect, are
good enough to indicate that continued use of fossil fuels at projected rates in the 21st century will cause the CO2 concentration to rise to a high level by 2100 (possibly 700 to 900 ppm); (6) The
global average temperature under this condition will rise more than 3 °C from the late 19th century ideal; (7) The negative impact on humanity of such a rise will be enormous; (8) The only alternative to such a disaster is to immediately and sharply reduce CO2 emissions (reducing emissions in 2050 by 80 % compared to today's rate) and continue further reductions after 2050; (9) Even with such draconian CO2 reductions, the CO2 concentration is likely to reach at least 450 to 500 ppm by 2100 resulting in significant damage to humanity; (10) Such reductions in CO2 emissions are technically feasible and economically affordable while providing adequate energy to a growing world population that is increasingly industrializing.
This means the Commission now has 12 months to devise a strategy for aligning the EU's emissions trajectory to 2050 with the Paris Agreement, and hence that the process has been set in train that could ultimately at some point in the next three to five years lead to an EU - ETS cap aligned with the objective of restricting the
increase in the
average global temperature to «
well below 2 °C».
For instance, the
global average temperature (as reported by NOAA, Hadley / CRU and NASA / GISS ground - based measurements, as
well as RSS and UA - H satellite based measurements) has failed to
increase in the 21st century the way the General Circulation Models have said they should despite the fact that CO2 has been rising unabated.
We are committed to the Paris Agreement and its goal of limiting the
increase in
global average temperature to
well below 2 °C, while pursuing efforts to limit the
increase even further to 1.5 °C.
7) The 0.7 C
increase in the
average global temperature over the last hundred years is entirely consistent with
well - established, long - term, natural climate trends.