Sentences with phrase «global circulation of the atmosphere»

Gross says that the most important processes affecting day length are changes in the weather, especially unusual variations in the strength and direction of the winds, which bring on alterations in the global circulation of the atmosphere and ocean.

They help us to understand the global circulation of the atmosphere by explaining the mechanisms that drive some of the persistent or recurrent patterns (or features) of local weather and climate.

«Wave patterns in the images, revealed by UV absorption from ozone concentrations, are critical to understanding the wind patterns, giving scientists an additional means to study the chemistry and global circulation of the atmosphere,» writes NASA.

Significant changes in tree cover in Eurasia could cause an energy imbalance between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, shifting the entire global circulation of the atmosphere, including the location of rainfall in the tropics.»

«This is probably due to the global circulation of the atmosphere.

Included: The Quaternary period Evidence for climate change and advantages / disadvantages Human / natural causes of climate change Potential causes of climate change: extreme weather and sea level rise Global circulation of the atmosphere El Nino / La Nina Tropical storms, formation and distribution Causes of droughts / location Extreme weather case study caused by El Nino - The Big Dry, Australia

In The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere, T. Schneider and A. H. Sobel, Eds., Princeton University Press, 47 - 77.

in The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere, T Schneider and A Sobel, eds.

Changing weather and climate — The causes, consequences of and responses to extreme weather conditions and natural weather hazards, recognising their changing distribution in time and space and drawing on an understanding of the global circulation of the atmosphere.

Significant changes in tree cover in Eurasia could cause an energy imbalance between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, shifting the entire global circulation of the atmosphere, including the location of rainfall in the tropics.

As highlighted in the textbook, «The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere» (2007)

Not exact matches

Its instruments were able to study Saturn's atmosphere at a wide range of altitudes, revealing its global circulation patterns, composition and vertical structure.

While this circulation is so slow that a blob of air may take decades to travel to the upper atmosphere, it impacts the chemical composition of the global atmosphere because many chemical properties are very different in the lower and upper atmosphere layers.

The role of the tropopause — the layer of atmosphere that separates the troposphere from the stratosphere — in global air - circulation patterns is not well understood.

A new study has found that turbulent mixing in the deep waters of the Southern Ocean, which has a profound effect on global ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind speeds.

For half a century, the Florida State University Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute (GFDI) has been a global leader in the study of fluid flow and motion — the ways that the circulation of liquids and gases influence our oceans, atmosphere and groundwater.

(Top left) Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM climate change agents, generally feedbacks in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified in most Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) simulations for the LGM.

Broecker's articulation of likely effects of freshwater outbursts in the North Atlantic on ocean circulation and global climate (Broecker, 1990; Broecker et al., 1990) spurred quantitative studies with idealized ocean models (Stocker and Wright, 1991) and global atmosphere — ocean models (Manabe and Stouffer, 1995; Rahmstorf 1995, 1996).

Knowledge of dominant scales associated with mesoscale eddies enables a better understanding of the resolution requirements for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, the framework used for comparison of global coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation models.

It's worth saying at first that they are remarkably good already at simulating the general patterns of climate, the general circulation of the atmosphere and the past trend of global temperatures.

Includes detailed information on the characteristics of the atmosphere, factors affecting wind, global atmospheric circulation systems, global pressure patterns and Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells.

That matters because the trickiest part of global climate models appears to be how they handle ocean - atmosphere interactions, and I really have no idea how well they link changes in local wind - driven upwelling to the net thermohaline circulation.

«GCM — General Circulation Model (sometimes Global Climate Model) which includes the physics of the atmosphere and often the ocean, sea ice and land surface as well.»

This would actually not be true at sufficiently high latitudes in the winter hemisphere, except that some circulation in the upper atmosphere is driven by kinetic energy generated within the troposphere (small amount of energy involved) which, so far as I know, doesn't result in much of a global time average non-radiative energy flux above the tropopause, but it does have important regional effects, and the result is that the top of the stratosphere is warmer than the tropopause at all latitudes in all seasons so far as I know.

«The Seasonal Variation of the Tropical Circulation as Simulated by a Global Model of the Atmosphere.»

Syllabus: Lecture 1: Introduction to Global Atmospheric Modelling Lecture 2: Types of Atmospheric and Climate Models Lecture 3: Energy Balance Models Lecture 4: 1D Radiative - Convective Models Lecture 5: General Circulation Models (GCMs) Lecture 6: Atmospheric Radiation Budget Lecture 7: Dynamics of the Atmosphere Lecture 8: Parametrizations of Subgrid - Scale Physical Processes Lecture 9: Chemistry of the Atmosphere Lecture 10: Basic Methods of Solving Model Equations Lecture 11: Coupled Chemistry - Climate Models (CCMs) Lecture 12: Applications of CCMs: Recent developments of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry Lecture 13: Applications of CCMs: Future Polar Ozone Lecture 14: Applications of CCMs: Impact of Transport Emissions Lecture 15: Towards an Earth System Model

«Development of Global Coupled Ocean - Atmosphere General Circulation Models.»

By Amber Bentley (Aged 11) In just 16 pages, this wonderful book covers the structure of the atmosphere, solar radiation, the water cycle, clouds, fronts, convection, air pressure, air masses, the global atmospheric circulation, making weather observations, forecasting, synoptic charts, hurricanes, regional climate, palaeoclimates and anthropogenic climate change.

All compositional variations only result in a change in the global air circulation such as is necessary to keep the Top of Atmosphere energy balance stable.

The interesting thing from a scientific perspective is that specifying the surface temperature in this region seems to anchor the coupled atmosphere / ocean circulations in a way that not only gives a better simulation of global average surface temperature, but also provides better simulations of the variability of key regional circulation features.

Because radiative forcing, while it does vary somewhat with vertical profile, is relatively immune to changes of the atmosphere due to circulation, so models can do a reasonable job of predicting that the global mean temperatures increase.

This empirical finding contradicts Spencer's hypothesis that cloud cover changes are driving global warming, but is consistent with our current understanding of the climate: ocean heat is exchanged with the atmosphere, which causes surface warming, which alters atmospheric circulation, which alters cloud cover, which impacts surface temperature.

In this document, the term climate models is used for all kinds of models used for studying the global climate system, such as Earth - System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), Atmosphere - Ocean coupled Global Circulation Models (AOGCMs) and Earth System Models (ESMs)(see for the definition of some of these model categories (Meehl and Hibbard 2006; Randall et al. global climate system, such as Earth - System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), Atmosphere - Ocean coupled Global Circulation Models (AOGCMs) and Earth System Models (ESMs)(see for the definition of some of these model categories (Meehl and Hibbard 2006; Randall et al. Global Circulation Models (AOGCMs) and Earth System Models (ESMs)(see for the definition of some of these model categories (Meehl and Hibbard 2006; Randall et al. 2007).

Between its Second and Third Assessment Reports, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change elaborated long - term greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, in part to drive global ocean - atmosphere general circulation models, and ultimately to assess the urgency of action to prevent the risk of climatic change.

The response of atmospheric CO2 and climate to the reconstructed variability in solar irradiance and radiative forcing by volcanoes over the last millennium is examined by applying a coupled physical — biogeochemical climate model that includes the Lund - Potsdam - Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ - DGVM) and a simplified analogue of a coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model.

CAS = Commission for Atmospheric Sciences CMDP = Climate Metrics and Diagnostic Panel CMIP = Coupled Model Intercomparison Project DAOS = Working Group on Data Assimilation and Observing Systems GASS = Global Atmospheric System Studies panel GEWEX = Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GLASS = Global Land - Atmosphere System Studies panel GOV = Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) Ocean View JWGFVR = Joint Working Group on Forecast Verification Research MJO - TF = Madden - Julian Oscillation Task Force PDEF = Working Group on Predictability, Dynamics and Ensemble Forecasting PPP = Polar Prediction Project QPF = Quantitative precipitation forecast S2S = Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project SPARC = Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate TC = Tropical cyclone WCRP = World Climate Research Programme WCRP Grand Science Challenges • Climate Extremes • Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity • Melting Ice and Global Consequences • Regional Sea - Ice Change and Coastal Impacts • Water Availability WCRP JSC = Joint Scientific Committee WGCM = Working Group on Coupled Modelling WGSIP = Working Group on Subseasonal to Interdecadal Prediction WWRP = World Weather Research Programme YOPP = Year of Polar Prediction

All GHGs make it easier and not harder for the global circulation to match energy in with energy out at top of atmosphere.

Tropical cyclones play an important role in the general circulation of the atmosphere, accounting for 2 percent of the global annual rainfall and between 4 and 5 percent of the global rainfall in August and September at the height of the...

A change in ocean heat content can also alter patterns of ocean circulation, which can have far - reaching effects on global climate conditions, including changes to the outcome and pattern of meteorological events such as tropical storms, and also temperatures in the northern Atlantic region, which are strongly influenced by currents that may be substantially reduced with CO2 increase in the atmosphere.

Motivated by findings that major components of so - called cloud «feedbacks» are best understood as rapid responses to CO2 forcing (Gregory and Webb in J Clim 21:58 — 71, 2008), the top of atmosphere (TOA) radiative effects from forcing, and the subsequent responses to global surface temperature changes from all «atmospheric feedbacks» (water vapour, lapse rate, surface albedo, «surface temperature» and cloud) are examined in detail in a General Circulation Model.

Global - annual mean adjusted radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere is, in general, a reliable metric relating the effects of various climate perturbations to global mean surface temperature change as computed in general circulation models (Global - annual mean adjusted radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere is, in general, a reliable metric relating the effects of various climate perturbations to global mean surface temperature change as computed in general circulation models (global mean surface temperature change as computed in general circulation models (GCMs).

Those arguments involve the radiative physics of planetary atmospheres, the effect of adding CO2, the complexities of the global oceanic and atmospheric circulation, and the chemistry of fuel combustion.

That need not be the case, of course, since weather is highly stochastic and global warming can also affect the circulation patterns of the atmosphere.

In addition, the authors provide compelling evidence of both the important coupling of ocean and atmosphere processes and the strong communication, of effects of climatic change, between the waters of the Northern and Southern hemisphere through global ocean circulation.»

It was not for practical weather prediction that meteorologists wanted to push on to model the entire general circulation of the global atmosphere.

The magnitude of the [geomagnetic - CO2] mechanism is small compared to the magnitude of the preponderant mechanisms driving the exchange of carbon between ocean and atmosphere, such as water temperature, biological pumping, overturning circulation... it would be preposterous to make the weakening Earth's magnetic field responsible for global warming.

To be clear, El Niño is a tropical Pacific phenomenon, even though it represents the strongest year - to - year meteorological fluctuation on the planet and disrupts the circulation of the global atmosphere.

We attempted to apply irrigation realistically in space and time to the land surface component of a global atmosphere general circulation model, the GISS ModelE, allowing the model to compute explicitly the water and energy dynamics of the land surface.

1967 Akira Kasahara and Warren M. Washington, «NCAR Global General Circulation Model of the Atmosphere.»

1974 Syukuro Manabe, et al., «The Seasonal Variation of the Tropical Circulation as Simulated by a Global Model of the Atmosphere.»