Essentially, Huber and Knutti take the estimated
global heat content increase since 1850, calculate how much of the increase is due to various estimated radiative forcings, and partition the increase between increasing ocean heat content and outgoing longwave radiation.
Not exact matches
ocean system is faster than the
global average since the 1960s; there is a small but widespread
increase in
heat content of the Arctic Oceanâ??
The other version shows an
increase in the
global heat content, due to greenhouse gases.
The
global increase in ocean
heat content during the period 1993 to 2003 in two ocean models constrained by assimilating altimetric sea level and other observations (Carton et al., 2005; Köhl et al., 2006) is considerably larger than these observational estimates.
Based on the linear trend, for the 0 to 3,000 m layer for the period 1961 to 2003 there has been an
increase of ocean
heat content of approximately 14.2 ± 2.4 × 1022 J, corresponding to a
global ocean volume mean temperature
increase of 0.037 °C during this period.
A major feature of Figure 5.1 is the relatively large
increase in
global ocean
heat content during 1969 to 1980 and a sharp decrease during 1980 to 1983.
The estimated
increase of observed
global ocean
heat content (over the depth range from 0 to 3000 meters) between the 1950s and 1990s is at least one order of magnitude larger than the
increase in
heat content of any other component.
The authors note that more than 85 % of the
global heat uptake (Q) has gone into the oceans, including
increasing the
heat content of the deeper oceans, although their model only accounts for the upper 700 meters.
A fluctuation in the location of slightly warmer surface water could hardly cause the
global increase in ocean
heat content.
# 95 «It is difficult to accept the hypothesis that
global warming has stopped while ocean
heat content continues to
increase.»
This means that the
heat content was «reset» to this earlier value, whereas the multi-decadal
global climate model projects a more - or-less monotonic
increase in ocean
heat content.
[Response: Theoretically you could have a change in ocean circulation that could cause a drop in
global mean temperature even while the total
heat content of the climate system
increased.
The
global amplitude (down to 300 m) is between 1E +22 and 3E +22 J, compared to ~ 4E +22 J for the
increase in
heat content in the period 1955 - 2003 [note: there seems to be a discrepancy in units between the story of Levitus and the data].
• It is very likely that anthropogenic forcings have made a substantial contribution to
increases in
global upper ocean
heat content (0 — 700 m) observed since the 1970s (see Figure SPM.6).
The error is small enough to have confidence that the ocean
heat content has been
increasing in the past 15 years, during the so called «hiatus» in
global warming.
The influence of anthropogenic forcing has also been detected in various physical systems over the last 50 years, including
increases in
global oceanic
heat content,
increases in sea level, shrinking of alpine glaciers, reductions in Arctic sea ice extent, and reductions in spring snow cover (Hegerl et al., 2007).
The estimate of
increase in
global ocean
heat content for 1971 — 2010 quantified in Box 3.1 corresponds to an
increase in mean net
heat flux from the atmosphere to the ocean of 0.55 W m — 2.
However, our Figure 1 and Table 1 illustrate that the long - term
global heat content trend has risen at a steady,
increasing rate over the past 4 decades.
Ultimately our paper shows that all three of the main conclusions in DK12 are faulty: the rate of OHC
increase has not slowed in recent years, there is no evidence for «climate shifts» in
global heat content data, and the recent OHC data do not support the conclusion that the net climate feedback is negative or that climate sensitivity is low.
DK12 used ocean
heat content (OHC) data for the upper 700 meters of oceans to draw three main conclusions: 1) that the rate of OHC
increase has slowed in recent years (the very short timeframe of 2002 to 2008), 2) that this is evidence for periods of «climate shifts», and 3) that the recent OHC data indicate that the net climate feedback is negative, which would mean that climate sensitivity (the total amount of
global warming in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels, including feedbacks) is low.
The
global increase in ocean
heat content during the period 1993 to 2003 in two ocean models constrained by assimilating altimetric sea level and other observations (Carton et al., 2005; Köhl et al., 2006) is considerably larger than these observational estimates.
Given that it is all eventually going to come back to the issue of the gradual gain we've been seeing in ocean
heat content over many decades, the most accurate thing we can say is that 2014's warmth is very consistent with the general accumulation of energy in Earth's climate system caused by
increasing GH gases and is well accounted for dynamically in
global climate models.
Based on the linear trend, for the 0 to 3,000 m layer for the period 1961 to 2003 there has been an
increase of ocean
heat content of approximately 14.2 ± 2.4 × 1022 J, corresponding to a
global ocean volume mean temperature
increase of 0.037 °C during this period.
It's very hard to see how ENSO could be responsible for an
increase in
global ocean
heat content spanning half a century.
Therefore to account for the
increase in
heat content, the
global geothermal
heat flux would need to have
increased by a factor of 4 over the last 1/2 century - 1 normal flow and 3 extra flows.
The well below freezing surface winter temperatures of Northern high latitudes are such wildly variable almost non-correlated data points which tell almost nothing of the real warming (i.e.
increase in
heat content of the Earth system) but may affect in an unpredictable way the
global average surface temperature.
What is there is a coherent explanation for the
increase in
global ocean
heat content since the mid-C20th.
The reason
global heat content is
increasing is that there is a
global energy imbalance caused primarily by the anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing.
I'm very convinced that the physical process of
global warming is continuing, which appears as a statistically significant
increase of the
global surface and tropospheric temperature anomaly over a time scale of about 20 years and longer and also as trends in other climate variables (e.g.,
global ocean
heat content increase, Arctic and Antarctic ice decrease, mountain glacier decrease on average and others), and I don't see any scientific evidence according to which this trend has been broken, recently.
New analyses indicate that
global ocean
heat content has
increased significantly since the late 1950s.
«bserved
increases in ocean
heat content (OHC) and temperature are robust indicators of
global warming during the past several decades.
(The consensus claim that the clouds that result cause an
increase in
global heat content, but since they don't really understand clouds by their own admission, I take that with a box of salt.)
Instead, total annual average ocean
heat content has
increased steadily during the hiatus, at quite a confronting rate given that this metric is closely tied to
global sea - level rise.
A change in ocean
heat content can also alter patterns of ocean circulation, which can have far - reaching effects on
global climate conditions, including changes to the outcome and pattern of meteorological events such as tropical storms, and also temperatures in the northern Atlantic region, which are strongly influenced by currents that may be substantially reduced with CO2
increase in the atmosphere.
For example, additional evidence of a warming trend can be found in the dramatic decrease in the extent of Arctic sea ice at its summer minimum (which occurs in September), decrease in spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere,
increases in the
global average upper ocean (upper 700 m or 2300 feet)
heat content (shown relative to the 1955 — 2006 average), and in sea - level rise.
While the
increase in
global temperature could indeed be stopped within decades by reducing emissions, ocean
heat content will continue to
increase for at least a thousand years after we have reached zero emissions.
«
Global Warming» can be much more accurately monitored in terms of an increase in the global annual average heat content measured in J
Global Warming» can be much more accurately monitored in terms of an
increase in the
global annual average heat content measured in J
global annual average
heat content measured in Joules.
Why is the
global ocean
heat content increasing?
Nobody disagrees that the
global ocean
heat content is *
increasing *.
«The
global linear trend of OHC2000 is 0.43 x1022 J yr - 1 for 1955 - 2010 which corresponds to a total
increase in
heat content of 24.0 ± 1.9 x1022 J»
More frequent La Ninas and the negative phase of the PDO are the reason for the
increased transfer of
Global Warming contribution into the deeper oceans in the last 15 years... This means previously the oceans were not the receptor of as much GW
heat content?
You get much scarier headlines with threats of 6C
increases in «
global average temperature» than you do in whatever the measure is of the total climate system's
heat content.
Record droughts in many areas of the world, the loss of arctic sea ice — what you see is an
increasing trend that is superimposed on annual variablity (no bets on what happens next year, but the five - to - ten year average in
global temperatures, sea surface temperatures, ocean
heat content — those will
increase — and ice sheet volumes, tropical glacier volumes, sea ice extent will decrease.
So, yet again, this is
global warming: Figure 1: Land, atmosphere, and ice
heating (red), 0 - 700 meter ocean
heat content (OHC)
increase (light blue), 700 - 2,000 meter OHC
increase (dark blue).
I wonder why the
global ocean
heat content under 700m is
increasing when the pacific (as per Bob's figure 1) is decreasing.