After earning his Ph.D. in Atmospheric Science from Colorado State University in 1991, Tom primarily engaged in creating NCDC's
global land surface data set used to quantify long - term global climate change.
The compilation of a hemispheric or
global land surface data time series from irregularly distributed (in time and space) historical thermometer observations can never be «correct» in an absolute sense.
Not exact matches
We are already taking action by making
data and codes available, and we have led an international proposal for a new
global daily
land surface temperature dataset, which has the backing of the World Meteorological Organization and has open access as its key element.
A group called the International
Surface Temperature Initiative is dedicated to making
global land temperature
data available in a transparent manner.
Whereas five types of
surface (cultivated areas, pastures, forests, fisheries and built environment), planet Earth has approximately 13.4 billion
global hectares (gha) of biologically productive land and water according to 2010 data from the Global Footprint Network and humanity's ecological footprint reached the milestone of 2.7 global hectares (gha) per person in 2007 for a world population of 6.7 billion people on the same date (according to the UN)[See Article A terra no limite (Earth in the limit) by José Eustáquio Diniz Alves available on the website < http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/noticia/ambiente/terra-limite-humanidade-recursos-naturais-planeta-situacao-sustentavel-637804.sht
global hectares (gha) of biologically productive
land and water according to 2010
data from the
Global Footprint Network and humanity's ecological footprint reached the milestone of 2.7 global hectares (gha) per person in 2007 for a world population of 6.7 billion people on the same date (according to the UN)[See Article A terra no limite (Earth in the limit) by José Eustáquio Diniz Alves available on the website < http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/noticia/ambiente/terra-limite-humanidade-recursos-naturais-planeta-situacao-sustentavel-637804.sht
Global Footprint Network and humanity's ecological footprint reached the milestone of 2.7
global hectares (gha) per person in 2007 for a world population of 6.7 billion people on the same date (according to the UN)[See Article A terra no limite (Earth in the limit) by José Eustáquio Diniz Alves available on the website < http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/noticia/ambiente/terra-limite-humanidade-recursos-naturais-planeta-situacao-sustentavel-637804.sht
global hectares (gha) per person in 2007 for a world population of 6.7 billion people on the same date (according to the UN)[See Article A terra no limite (Earth in the limit) by José Eustáquio Diniz Alves available on the website < http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/noticia/ambiente/terra-limite-humanidade-recursos-naturais-planeta-situacao-sustentavel-637804.shtml >].
While
land surface observations go back hundreds of years in a few places,
data of sufficient coverage for estimating
global temperature have been available only since the end of the 19th century.
For those not familiar with it, the purpose of Berkeley Earth was to create a new, independent compilation and assessment of
global land surface temperature trends using new statistical methods and a wider range of source
data.
References Rennie, J.J. and coauthors, 2014, The International
Surface Temperature Initiative
Global Land Surface Databank: Monthly Temperature
Data Version 1 Release Description and Methods.
Global land surface temperature
data (green) with linear trends applied to the time frames 1973 to 1980, 1980 to 1988, 1988 to 1995, 1995 to 2001, 1998 to 2005, 2002 to 2010 (blue), and 1973 to 2010 (red).
«The average
global temperature anomaly for combined
land and ocean
surfaces for July (based on preliminary
data) was 1.1 degrees F (0.6 degrees C) above the 1880 - 2004 long - term mean.
«
Global surface temperature trends, based on
land and marine
data, show warming of about 0.8 deg C over the last 100 years.
So Australia's BOM
data and NZ's NIWA
data, both «adjusted» out of their cotton picking minds whether needed or not and generally butchered [and thats being polite,] around with until it bears little relationship with reality accounts for at least one fifth and close to nearly one quarter of the total
global land surface temperature
data.
The wood for dummies graphs show a
land and
global comparison in both the Hadley Centre
surface temps and Remote Sensing System
data.
There is a major question in my mind of the wisdom of using a «
global»
surface temperature to begin with and a «global» surface temperature based on a SST which is more related to Tmin averaged with a land based «Surface» temperature that is based on T Ave.. So instead of blindly quoting nonsense, I actually try to verify using all the data that is ava
surface temperature to begin with and a «
global»
surface temperature based on a SST which is more related to Tmin averaged with a land based «Surface» temperature that is based on T Ave.. So instead of blindly quoting nonsense, I actually try to verify using all the data that is ava
surface temperature based on a SST which is more related to Tmin averaged with a
land based «
Surface» temperature that is based on T Ave.. So instead of blindly quoting nonsense, I actually try to verify using all the data that is ava
Surface» temperature that is based on T Ave.. So instead of blindly quoting nonsense, I actually try to verify using all the
data that is available.
Please note that neither the
land data nor the ocean
data used in this analysis are the ones used in the NCEI paper «Possible artifacts of
data biases in the recent
global surface warming hiatus» that appeared on June 4, 2015.
C. warmer than it was with respect to the start of the industrial revolution, I believe that it would be necessary to use actual average
global land - ocean
surface temperature
data (which would be imperfectly known that far back).
Both NASA GISS and NOAA NCEI use NOAA's ERSST.v4 «pause buster»
data for the ocean
surface temperature components of their combined
land - ocean
surface temperature datasets, and, today, both agencies are holding a multi-agency press conference to announce their «warmest ever» 2016
global surface temperature findings.
As noted above, the ERSST.v4
data make up the ocean portion of the NOAA and GISS
global land + ocean
surface temperature products.
A component of the NASA Earth Exchange, OpenNEX provides users a large collection of climate and Earth science satellite
data sets, including
global land surface images, vegetation conditions, climate observations and climate projections.
The National Climatic
Data Center (NCDC), which is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has maintained
global average monthly and annual records of combined
land and ocean
surface temperatures for more than 130 years.
«Causes of differences in model and satellite tropospheric warming rates» «Comparing tropospheric warming in climate models and satellite
data» «Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended
land air and ocean sea
surface temperatures» «Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends» «Reconciling warming trends» «Natural variability, radiative forcing and climate response in the recent hiatus reconciled» «Reconciling controversies about the «
global warming hiatus»»
All of the
global surface temperature
data sets employ NOAA's GHCN
land surface temperatures.
Figure 2.4 (Folland et al., 2001) shows simulations of
global land -
surface air temperature anomalies in model runs forced with SST, with and without bias adjustments to the SST
data before 1942.
Note we're using BEST
land area, so actual rates of warming are slightly elevated from
global levels including sea
surface temperatures, however BEST has enough resolution to allow us to work with 12.5 years of temperature
data and not have such abysmal CI as to need to reject the comparisons outright..
Now the NOAA
data comes in and confirms the GISS
data, and shows the http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2009/jun/
global.html
Global Highlights: Based on preliminary
data, the globally averaged combined
land and sea
surface temperature was the second warmest on record for June and the January - June year - to - date tied with 2004 as the fifth warmest on record.
Introduction: The NOAA
Global (
Land and Ocean)
Surface Temperature Anomaly dataset is a product of the National Climatic
Data Center (NCDC).
Empirical
data and climate models also concur that
surface temperature change is amplified over
land areas, which tends to make temperature change at the site of deep water an underestimate of the
global temperature.
Earth's
global average
surface temperature has risen as shown in this plot of combined
land and ocean measurements from 1850 to 2012, derived from three independent analyses of the available
data sets.
There are three main
global land / ocean
surface temperature series, produced by NOAA's National Climate
Data Center (NCDC), NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISTemp), and the UK's Hadley Center (HadCRUT).
Not
global surface temperature
data, which shows a normal modest decline from the recent El Niño, nor
global lower tropospheric temperature
data, which shows nothing out of the ordinary, nor
land - only
surface temperature
data, which also shows no large drop.
Anthropogenic influences have contributed to observed increases in atmospheric moisture content in the atmosphere (medium confidence), to
global - scale changes in precipitation patterns over
land (medium confidence), to intensification of heavy precipitation over
land regions where
data are sufficient (medium confidence), and to changes in
surface and subsurface ocean salinity (very likely).
For those of a
data availability persuasion we have just released a beta of a new
global land surface databank consisting of over 39,000 station records at monthly resolution.
These datasets include: NOAA Climate
Data Record (CDR) of Sea
Surface Temperature - WHOI, Version 1.0 U.S. Monthly Extremes
Global Historical Climatology Network — Monthly (GHCN - M) Version 3 African Easterly Wave Climatology Version 1 NOAA Climate
Data Record (CDR) of Daily Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Version 1.2 NOAA Climate
Data Record (CDR) of Monthly Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Version 2.2 - 1
Global Surface Summary of the Day — GSOD Monthly Summaries of the
Global Historical Climatology Network — Daily (GHCN - D) I nternational
Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI)
Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 1 Monthly International
Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI)
Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 2 Monthly International
Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI)
Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 3 Monthly International
Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI)
Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 1 Daily... Continued
Antartica would contribute a bit under 9.5 % of the mean
global land surface temperature and a bit under 2.8 % of the mean
global surface temperature, if I have got my
data right.
UAH
global temperatures trend equals
global sea
surface temperatures: The black temperature graph — average RSS+UAH satellite NH (Land + Sea)-- has a smaller warming trend than the other (brown) land data series — but in fact resembles the cooler Sea Surface Temperature
surface temperatures: The black temperature graph — average RSS+UAH satellite NH (
Land + Sea)-- has a smaller warming trend than the other (brown) land data series — but in fact resembles the cooler Sea Surface Temperature tr
Land + Sea)-- has a smaller warming trend than the other (brown)
land data series — but in fact resembles the cooler Sea Surface Temperature tr
land data series — but in fact resembles the cooler Sea
Surface Temperature
Surface Temperature trend.
In this post, in response to the SkepticalScience animation called the Escalator, I've simply extended that explanation to
global land + plus sea
surface temperature
data.
That's not what the
data shows - Vose et al 2005; «Minimum temperature increased about twice as fast as maximum temperature over
global land areas since 1950, resulting in a broad decline in the diurnal temperature range...», and Zhou et al 2009; «Observations show that the
surface diurnal temperature range (DTR) has decreased since 1950s over most
global land areas...» would disagree.
Therefore, in contrast to the Jones et al. (2001)
global land -
surface air temperature
data, the
global land and sea
surface temperature
data are not a simple average of the hemispheres.
, we have a nice cool «
global» anomaly of MINUS 0.25, but huge swathes of grey frankly admit there was zero
data for 80 % of the
land surface areas, except SE Australia proudly shows virtually the only positive
land anomaly (0.2 - 0.5, which is bad news for Garnaut, as it must reduce the anomaly post-1910).