Sentences with phrase «global mean net»

The most reliable source of information for changes in the global mean net air — sea heat flux comes from the constraints provided by analyses of changes in ocean heat storage.

Not exact matches

According to a recent global wealth study by Boston Consulting Group, Canada ranks seventh in global «ultra - high - net - worth» households, meaning those with assets exceeding $ 100 million.

Given that we're mainly looking at the global mean surface temperature anomaly, the most appropriate comparison is for the net forcings for each scenario.

The highest correlations between the net land carbon flux and continental biome mean fire weather season metrics were observed in the tropical and subtropical forests, grasslands and savannas and xeric shrublands of South America where regional fire weather season length metrics accounted for between 15.7 and 29.7 % of the variations in global net land carbon flux (Table 5).

As long as the temporal pattern of variation in aerosol forcing is approximately correct, the need to achieve a reasonable fit to the temporal variation in global mean temperature and the difference between Northern and Southern Hemisphere temperatures can provide a useful constraint on the net aerosol radiative forcing (as demonstrated, e.g., by Harvey and Kaufmann, 2002; Stott et al., 2006c).

But if the ability to export oil and LNG is expanded, it may not mean so much to the chemical companies, because they will have to pay the global price, net of transportation cost differentials.

This doesn't address longer causal connections, but if the net impact of temperature on CO2 can be shown to be neutral or in the negative direction over then long term, than cointegration probably means that CO2 is causing global warming.

While the local, seasonal climate forcing by the Milankovitch cycles is large (of the order 30 W / m2), the net forcing provided by Milankovitch is close to zero in the global mean, requiring other radiative terms (like albedo or greenhouse gas anomalies) to force global - mean temperature change.

This means that there has been very little actual global warming (or net TOA radiative imbalance) in these seven years.

Given that we're mainly looking at the global mean surface temperature anomaly, the most appropriate comparison is for the net forcings for each scenario.

Since it is difficult to understand what exactly is meant by Holistic Management ® in this context, and there is no scientific literature that we are aware of that supports a significant net gain of soil carbon across environments in response to his method, we did not attempt to assess what a realistic global number might be.

The net change over land accounts for 24 % of the global mean increase in precipitation, a little less than the areal proportion of land (29 %).

What I mean is simply that we have as much actual empirical evidence for the existence of even one unicorn in this world as we have for the basic AGW claim that more CO2 in the atmosphere can, will and does cause a net rise in Earth's average global surface temperature, i.e. NONE whatsoever!

Nevertheless, a likely (66 %) chance of meeting the 1.5 C target means global CO2 emissions will need to fall to zero some time between 2040 and 2060, before turning net - negative as CO2 is drawn from the atmosphere.

Its official climate adviser, the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), has already said that a global 1.5 C limit would mean a more ambitious 2050 goal for the UK, in the range of 86 - 96 % below 1990 levels, as well as setting a net - zero target at some point, while the government has long accepted the need to set a net - zero goal «at an appropriate point in the future».

The estimate of increase in global ocean heat content for 1971 — 2010 quantified in Box 3.1 corresponds to an increase in mean net heat flux from the atmosphere to the ocean of 0.55 W m — 2.

The increase in mean net air — sea heat flux is thus small compared to the uncertainties of the global mean.

In contrast, closure of the global ocean mean net surface heat flux budget to within 20 W m — 2 from observation based surface flux data sets has still not been reliably achieved (e.g., Trenberth et al., 2009).

DK12 used ocean heat content (OHC) data for the upper 700 meters of oceans to draw three main conclusions: 1) that the rate of OHC increase has slowed in recent years (the very short timeframe of 2002 to 2008), 2) that this is evidence for periods of «climate shifts», and 3) that the recent OHC data indicate that the net climate feedback is negative, which would mean that climate sensitivity (the total amount of global warming in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels, including feedbacks) is low.

Global annual mean net TOA fluxes for each calendar year from 2001 through 2010 are computed from CERES monthly regional mean values.

Relationships between the change in net top - of - atmosphere radiative flux, N, and global - mean surface - air - temperature change, ΔT, after an instantaneous quadrupling of CO2.

Among the many sources of error they ignored are: measurement error of the satellite, error in averaging satellite measurements to a monthly «regional» average, error in averaging those to a «global annual mean net».

The five - year mean global temperature has been flat for the last decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slow down in the growth rate of net climate forcing.

«The global mean climate responses to different forcings may differ because of the character of the forcings themselves (such as their geographical or vertical distribution) and because different forcings induce different patterns of surface warming or cooling, thereby affecting the net top - of - atmosphere radiation imbalance, and thus the ocean heat uptake rate.»

Overall, clouds reflect more solar radiation than they trap, leading to a net cooling of ~ 27.7 W / m2 from the mean global cloud cover of ~ 63.3 % [Hartmann, 1993].

A Cess climate sensitivity parameter λ can then be computed as λ = ΔTs / ΔG, where Ts denotes global mean SST, G is TOA net radiative flux, and Δ indicates the difference between warming and present - day simulations»

Overall, a radical energy transition would mean a net boost in global GDP (relative to the reference case) in every year through 2050.

Dr. James Hansen — NASA GISS — 15 January 2013 «The 5 - year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slowdown in the growth rate of the net climate forcing.»

More cloud cover on a net global scale means less solar radiation penetrates the surface, which leads to a net cooling, and less cloud cover means more solar radiation penetrates into the (ocean) surface, which ultimately leads to net warming trend.

While there is much to contest in the published temperature records, there is general acceptance that there has been a net increase in global mean temperature similar to that shown in Professor Nordhaus's first graph.

By that we mean their firewood is harvested sustainably, it is burned cleanly and efficiently, and its energy is used to reduce the net greenhouse gas emissions responsible for global warming.

If we assume that the climate is equally sensitive to radiative forcing from each of these causes, the net increase of 1.2 watts should have brought about an increase in global mean temperature of 0.3 to 1.1 °C, depending on the climate sensitivity that is assumed.

So, if we took out the effects of both volcanoes, the change in mean global surface temperatures between the two decades would have been about 0.015 K (2 %) higher, and the increase in the change in -LCB- forcing net of OHU -RCB- would have been about 0.03 W / m ^ 2 (also 2 %) higher.

Thus we can see that the long term rise is principally because of the mean value of net global emission, not because of the wiggles.

«That [CO2 being well mixed in the atmosphere] is a good thing because it means that local values are good approximations of the global average, which in turn provides a record of net global emissions.

So far, so good, our synthetic net global emissions are similar to Prof. Salby's in that there is an average value of about 1.5 ppm per year, but superimposed on top of that there is an oscillatory behaviour that sometimes reduces net global emissions almost (but not quite) to zero, and sometimes means that net global emissions are much higher than average.

The mean value of net global emission is about 1.5 ppmv per year, and for the natural contribution it is zero.

The flaw in this argument is quite subtle, and lies in the fact that the bulk of the long term increase in atmospheric CO2 is due to the mean value of net global emissions, and correlations do not depend on the mean value.

Maps of the long - term monthly and annual means of the net surface energy flux together with the four components of the total flux (latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, incoming radiation, and outgoing radiation) for the global oceans are presented.

The local record from Mauna Loa therefore approximates the global mean, which through its growth rate chronicles the history of net global emissions, collectively from all sources, human and natural.»

In contrast, the global and annual mean net forcing was only 0.011 W m — 2.

The net wind - driven movement of water, known as Ekman transport, creates a bulge in each ocean basin that is as much as three feet (one meter) higher than mean global sea level.

The net effect of the remodelling is to create statistically significant warming of 0.7 °C in the ACORN - SAT mean temperature series for Rutherglen: in general agreement with anthropogenic global warming theory.

At a minimum, the net contribution of AMO to global temperature increases from 1980 to the present is zero (15 years of cooling from 1980 to 1995, 15 years of warming from 1995 to 2010), meaning that all of the warming over that 30 year period is attributable to CO2.

In the meantime, back in cotton wool land: «Since the time of AR4, neither global mean temperature nor OHU have increased, while the IPCC's own estimate of the post-1750 change in forcing net of OHU has increased by over 60 %.»

Since the time of AR4, neither global mean temperature nor OHU have increased, while the IPCC's own estimate of the post-1750 change in forcing net of OHU has increased by over 60 %.

Values are shown for the effective climate sensitivity, the net heat flux across the ocean surface multiplied by the ocean fraction and the global mean temperature change (TCR).

The best known study estimating ECS by comparing the change in global mean temperature with the corresponding change in forcing, net of that in OHU, is Gregory et al. (2002).

The top left panel shows the TOA energy balance for the first stasis period 2048 — 2058 for the net radiation (R T), along with the global mean surface temperature perturbation.

The term «zero - carbon» is clarified further down as meaning «net zero global carbon dioxide emissions».