C / decade and the simulated ensemble mean over the models, calculated from the grid boxes of the models where observations exist (which is flawed in my opinion, since excluding of mostly the high latitudes from the model data may emphasize a warm bias in lower latitudes in the models making them appear warmer than they are, but a possible cold bias of
the global observations data set is not excluded in this way) had a trend of 0.3 deg.
Not exact matches
«In contrast to the long tradition of field guides authored by expert natural historians, Map of Life draws on collective wisdom, amalgamating
global data sets of species
observations from published sources and using a series of modeling techniques to convert them into species range maps,» Goldsmith wrote.
The observational
data of the study consisted of nearly a million (990,301)
observations of 94 different bird species, and the results have now been published as part of the international
Global Change Biology publication series.
«With such improved satellite
data we can for the first time combine
global SIF
observations with in - situ ecosystem scale
data of gross carbon uptake.
Meanwhile, the Obama administration wants NASA to divert more money to Earth
observation in order to provide
data on
global climate change.
All telescopic
observations of NEOs (professional and amateur) to determine their position and orbit are transmitted to the Minor Planet Center (MPC), which is the International Astronomical Union (IAU) sanctioned
global clearinghouse for all such observational
data.
Trenberth says that the climate monitoring principles set by the
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), the lead international organization for oversight of systematic climate
observations, lack provisions for verifying accuracy and confirming or refuting «surprising» climate - change results based on satellite
data.
To see how
global climate change is affecting the bees, the researchers amassed a
data set consisting of some 423,000
observations, dating back to 1901, of 67 bumble bee species in North America and Europe.
For example, previous
global initiatives include satellite - based chlorophyll measurements, the Census of Marine Life, long - term
observation sites, and arrays of remote sensors on floats that provide physical, chemical, and biological
data [15].
To make any
global observations about de novo mutations, one generally needs unbiased whole - genome sequencing
data for an individual and both parents.
Despite these restrictions: the
global data sets (presented in Fig. 5), which may be subject to artefacts from having values in regions with no
observations, and HadSST3 provided consistent
global trends in MHW properties (Supplementary Fig. 10).
For
global observations since the late 1950s, the most recent versions of all available
data sets show that the troposphere has warmed at a slightly greater rate than the surface, while the stratosphere has cooled markedly since 1979.
Your
observations are contributing to a
global database that will be used to by scientists to verify predictive models of mosquito population dynamics based on satellite
data.
However, comparison of the
global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere
Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2
Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST
observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional
data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2
data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.
Earth Science Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment AirMOSS Aqua Aura Aquarius CALIPSO CARVE Center for Earth and Climate Science Education CloudSat DISCOVER - AQ Earth to Sky - Building Climate Literacy for Informal Educators: Expanding the Earth to Sky Partnership (EPOESS NNH09CF00C) Girl Scouts Earth Science Patch
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) The GLOBE Program GLOBE at Langley GRACE ICESat - 2 Landsat
Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) MY NASA
DATA NASA Climate Day / Earth Ambassadors NASA Know Your Earth Campaign NOVA Labs Ocean Surface Topography Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO)-2 SAGE III on ISS S'COOL: Student Cloud
Observations On - Line SMAP Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Teaching Inquiry using NASA Earth System Science (TINES) Terra
Michel and colleagues took advantage of the wealth of geophysical
data that have been collected in this region, using a catalog of earthquakes that have occurred in the area and models of the fault slip rate inferred from surface deformation given by
Global Positioning System (GPS) and satellite
observations of ground changes.
With the aid of
global Earth
observations and
data - driven models, the researchers show that on average, extreme events prevent the uptake of around 3 petagrams carbon per year by the vegetation.
Obtaining reliable estimates of photosynthesis at
global scale has been challenging and these new
observations thus provide a new, valuable
data source.
It's a long paper with a long title: «Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate
data, climate modeling, and modern
observations that 2 oC
global warming could be dangerous».
«Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate
data, climate modeling, and modern
observations that 2o C
global warming could be dangerous»
We assess climate impacts of
global warming using ongoing
observations and paleoclimate
data.
The full title is: «Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate
data, climate modeling, and modern
observations that 2 o C
global warming could be dangerous ``.
Zhang, J., D. R. Thomas, D. A. Rothrock, R. W. Lindsay, Y. Yu, and R. Kwok (2003), Assimilation of ice motion
observations and comparisons with submarine ice thickness
data, J.Geophys.Res., 108 (C6), 3170, DOI: 3110.1029 / 2001JC001041 Zhang, J., and D. A. Rothrock (2003), Modeling
global sea ice with a thickness and enthalpy distribution model in generalized curvilinear coordinates, Monthly Weather Review, 131 (5), 845 - 861.
The compilation of a hemispheric or
global land surface
data time series from irregularly distributed (in time and space) historical thermometer
observations can never be «correct» in an absolute sense.
Although some earlier work along similar lines had been done by other paleoclimate researchers (Ed Cook, Phil Jones, Keith Briffa, Ray Bradley, Malcolm Hughes, and Henry Diaz being just a few examples), before Mike, no one had seriously attempted to use all the available paleoclimate
data together, to try to reconstruct the
global patterns of climate back in time before the start of direct instrumental
observations of climate, or to estimate the underlying statistical uncertainties in reconstructing past temperature changes.
In the
global mean, there isn't much of an issue for the mid-troposphere — the models and
data track each other when you expect they would (the long term trends or after volcanoes, and don't where you expect them not to, such as during La Niña / El Niño events which occur at different times in models and
observations).
While land surface
observations go back hundreds of years in a few places,
data of sufficient coverage for estimating
global temperature have been available only since the end of the 19th century.
For the first time, simultaneous
global observations of the ERB and a multitude of cloud, aerosol, and surface properties and atmospheric state
data are available with a high degree of precision.»
To respond to the growing demand for Earth
observation data, we will accelerate efforts within the
Global Earth
Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), which builds on the work of UN specialized agencies and programs, in priority areas, inter alia, climate change and water resources management, by strengthening
observation, prediction and
data sharing.
On July 23, I wrote about the rocky rollout, prior to peer review, of «Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate
Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern
Observations that 2 °C
Global Warming is Highly Dangerous.»
Even putting aside the OHC
data and fingerprinting, there is absolutely no evidence in model simulations (or in prevailing reconstructions of the Holocene), that an unforced climate would exhibit half - century timescale
global temperature swings of order ~ 1 C. I don't see a good theoretical reason why this should be the case, but since Judith lives on «planet
observations» it should be a pause for thought.
No doubt the southern ocean, featured strongly by Hansen et al, plays an important role, but
data there are poor, and change is not well known; in particular the recent hiatus in
global warming greatly influences any
observations, which can therefore be quite misleading wrt trends.
eg pg xii To improve our predictive capability, we need: • to understand better the various climate - related processes, particularly those associated with clouds, oceans and the carbon cycle • to improve the systematic
observation of climate - related variables on a
global basis, and further investigate changes which took place in the past • to develop improved models of the Earth's climate system • to increase support for national and international climate research activities, especially in developing countries • to facilitate international exchange of climate
data
A recent paper by Graeme L. Stephens, Juilin Li, Martin Wild, Carol Anne Clayson, Norman Loeb, Seiji Kato, Tristan L'Ecuyer, Paul W. Stackhouse Jr, Matthew Lebsock & Timothy Andrews An update on Earth's energy balance in light of the latest
global observations, Nature Geoscience, 5, 691 — 696 (2012), which indicates significant adjustments to the energy balance MEASURED
data shows how far we are from certainty.
It will also require
global data that clearly document the state of the system and how that state is changing as well as
observations to illuminate important processes more clearly.
Here the adjustment is determined by (1) calculating the collocated ship - buoy SST difference over the
global ocean from 1982 - 2012, (2) calculating the
global areal weighted average of ship - buoy SST difference, (3) applying a 12 - month running filter to the
global averaged ship - buoy SST difference, and (4) evaluating the mean difference and its STD of ship - buoy SSTs based on the
data from 1990 to 2012 (the
data are noisy before 1990 due to sparse buoy
observations).
Satellite
observations available since the early 1990s provide more accurate sea level
data with nearly
global coverage.
First of all probably the biggest climate news of 2017 comes not from the scientific literature (is therefore not featured in the Royal Society report), but from direct
global observations: based on preliminary
data the current year is likely to rank among the three hottest years on the
global record — including 2015 (2nd) and 2016 (1st), with 2014 ranking 4th.
However, models would need to underestimate variability by factors of over two in their standard deviation to nullify detection of greenhouse gases in near - surface temperature
data (Tett et al., 2002), which appears unlikely given the quality of agreement between models and
observations at
global and continental scales (Figures 9.7 and 9.8) and agreement with inferences on temperature variability from NH temperature reconstructions of the last millennium.
New tools from
data assimilation and machine learning make it possible to integrate
global observations and local high - resolution simulations in an Earth system model (ESM) that systematically learns from both.
We also need to improve the systematic
observation of climate - related variables on a
global basis; to investigate further past changes; to develop improved models of the Earth's climate system; to increase support for national and international climate research activities, especially in developing countries; and to facilitate the international exchange of climate
data.
Cross Cutting Priority 1: (Integrated
Global Environmental Observation and Data Management System) focuses on developing a global - to - local environmental observation and data management systems for the comprehensive, continuous monitoring of coupled ocean / atmospheric / land systems that enhance NOAA's ability to protect lives, property, expand economic opportunities, understand climate variability, and promote healthy ecosy
Global Environmental
Observation and
Data Management System) focuses on developing a global - to - local environmental observation and data management systems for the comprehensive, continuous monitoring of coupled ocean / atmospheric / land systems that enhance NOAA's ability to protect lives, property, expand economic opportunities, understand climate variability, and promote healthy ecosyst
Data Management System) focuses on developing a
global - to - local environmental observation and data management systems for the comprehensive, continuous monitoring of coupled ocean / atmospheric / land systems that enhance NOAA's ability to protect lives, property, expand economic opportunities, understand climate variability, and promote healthy ecosy
global - to - local environmental
observation and
data management systems for the comprehensive, continuous monitoring of coupled ocean / atmospheric / land systems that enhance NOAA's ability to protect lives, property, expand economic opportunities, understand climate variability, and promote healthy ecosyst
data management systems for the comprehensive, continuous monitoring of coupled ocean / atmospheric / land systems that enhance NOAA's ability to protect lives, property, expand economic opportunities, understand climate variability, and promote healthy ecosystems.
In contrast, closure of the
global ocean mean net surface heat flux budget to within 20 W m — 2 from
observation based surface flux
data sets has still not been reliably achieved (e.g., Trenberth et al., 2009).
PAGES» main areas of focus include: - Facilitating international research activities on past environmental changes - Promoting the synthesis of scientific knowledge and
data - Strengthening the involvement of scientists from developing countries - Integrating the paleoscience and wider
global environmental change communities - Disseminating important research findings and organizational information - Supporting scientific training and education - Integrating scientific evidence from
observations and modeling - Ensuring public access to paleoscientific
data - Enhancing the visibility and use of paleoresearch
However, comparison of the
global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere
Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2
Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST
observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional
data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2
data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.
Surface warming / ocean warming: «A reassessment of temperature variations and trends from
global reanalyses and monthly surface climatological datasets» «Estimating changes in
global temperature since the pre-industrial period» «Possible artifacts of
data biases in the recent
global surface warming hiatus» «Assessing the impact of satellite - based
observations in sea surface temperature trends»
Data from in situ measurements made at high - altitude stations in the HKH region,
observations from satellitebased instruments, and
global climate modeling study results are discussed.
These facts were enough for an NAS panel, including Christy, to publish a report Reconciling
Observations of
Global Temperature Change which concluded that «Despite differences in temperature
data, strong evidence exists to show that the warming of the Earth's surface is undoubtedly real, and surface temperatures in the past two decades have risen at a rate substantially greater than average for the past 100 years»
«Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate
data, climate modeling, and modern
observations that 2 C
global warming could be dangerous» J Hansen, M Sato, P Hearty, R Ruedy, M Kelley, V Masson - Delmotte,... Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16 (6), 3761 - 3812, 2016
Requires such group, within a year and every four years thereafter, to submit to Congress a report that: identifies gaps in
data and recommends actions to fill those gaps; proposes a coordinated strategy for funding and allocating responsibilities among federal agencies for climate and other
global change
data collection, management, and retention; recommends a federal capital investment strategy; and evaluates optimal design of
observation system components to ensure a cost - effective, adequate set of
observations detecting and tracking
global change.