Near
global observations of other surface «weather» variables, such as precipitation and winds, have been made for about a hundred years.
Not exact matches
To address those and
other questions, the TOAR research team has produced the first - ever
global - scale scientific assessment
of tropospheric ozone, based on all available surface
observations and the peer - reviewed literature.
The reports also identifies
other challenges that impact sustained
observations, such as the declining investment in new technological development, increasing difficulty in retaining and replenishing the human resources associated with sustained ocean observing, and a decreasing number
of global and ocean - class research vessels.
FMI has been involved in research project, which evaluated the simulations
of long - range transport
of BB aerosol by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS - 5) and four
other global aerosol models over the complete South African - Atlantic region using Cloud - Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)
observations to find any distinguishing or common model biases.
This week, NASA's K2 mission, the repurposed mission
of the Kepler space telescope, and
other ground - based observatories have teamed up to kick - off a
global experiment in exoplanet
observation.
One
of the best and most widely implemented examples is the GLOBE (
Global Learning and Observations to Support the Environment) project, a global network — supported by, among others, the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration — of teachers, students, and scientists studying the atmosphere, water quality, soils, and local flora and
Global Learning and
Observations to Support the Environment) project, a
global network — supported by, among others, the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration — of teachers, students, and scientists studying the atmosphere, water quality, soils, and local flora and
global network — supported by, among
others, the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration —
of teachers, students, and scientists studying the atmosphere, water quality, soils, and local flora and fauna.
It is worth quoting from this idiosyncratic piece by Judith Benhamou - Huet about the ascendancy
of Hauser + Wirth and Zwirner galleries because it somewhat echoes and confirms the
observation made by
others that in today's
global art world, these two veteran galleries have begun to eclipse (if that's even the appropriate word) Gagosian in the art world's imagination as the most - discussed art enterprises.
Whether about violence and poverty, exile and migration, or
other conditions
of global or ideological conflict, his work prompts
observation and thinking that unsettle conventions and complacency.
Although some earlier work along similar lines had been done by
other paleoclimate researchers (Ed Cook, Phil Jones, Keith Briffa, Ray Bradley, Malcolm Hughes, and Henry Diaz being just a few examples), before Mike, no one had seriously attempted to use all the available paleoclimate data together, to try to reconstruct the
global patterns
of climate back in time before the start
of direct instrumental
observations of climate, or to estimate the underlying statistical uncertainties in reconstructing past temperature changes.
In the
global mean, there isn't much
of an issue for the mid-troposphere — the models and data track each
other when you expect they would (the long term trends or after volcanoes, and don't where you expect them not to, such as during La Niña / El Niño events which occur at different times in models and
observations).
What
observations do you offer that would encourage this
other than claiming the last 3 years (2005 hottest) or last twelve (’98 hottest) equal
global cooling when they are all among the hottest years in the last 2 million (a fundamentally flawed assertion that shows 100 % ignorance, or willful disregard,
of basic scientific principles, namely that a three — twelve year period is not a long - term trend, but is variability until proven otherwise.)
Summary for Policymakers Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2:
Observations: Atmosphere and Surface Chapter 3:
Observations: Ocean Chapter 4:
Observations: Cryosphere Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives Chapter 6: Carbon and
Other Biogeochemical Cycles Chapter 7: Clouds and Aerosols Chapter 8: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing Chapter 8 Supplement Chapter 9: Evaluation
of Climate Models Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution
of Climate Change: from
Global to Regional Chapter 11: Near - term Climate Change: Projections and Predictability Chapter 12: Long - term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility Chapter 13: Sea Level Change Chapter 14: Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change Chapter 14 Supplement Technical Summary
We can write down a simple recipe for the GHE, but it is indeed challenging to reconcile a presence
of a negative feedback with our
observations, or explain the current observed
global warming in any
other terms.
Given the level
of denialism in the face
of glacial mass loss, plummeting Arctic summer ice cover, progressive collapse
of ice shelves that have been stable for 6000 to 10000 years, northward, upward, and seasonally earlier movements
of ecosystems and
other phenological changes, increasing Greenland ice melt, and all the
other direct
observations of global warming, I think denialists will go to their graves believing it can't be happening.
But, as I've pointed out a number
of times now, those glacier mass balance estimates are produced entirely independently
of other factors and
global sea level rise
observations — they aren't derived from inverse modelling.
If you really want to know what is going on with the
global average IR radiation field and you or your experts have some knowledge
of quantitative IR radiative transfer, you (or the
others) may compute precisely this physical quantity using only first principles and real
observations.
Requires such group, within a year and every four years thereafter, to submit to Congress a report that: identifies gaps in data and recommends actions to fill those gaps; proposes a coordinated strategy for funding and allocating responsibilities among federal agencies for climate and
other global change data collection, management, and retention; recommends a federal capital investment strategy; and evaluates optimal design
of observation system components to ensure a cost - effective, adequate set
of observations detecting and tracking
global change.
The striking consistency between the time series
of observed average
global temperature
observations and simulated values with both natural and anthropogenic forcing (Figure 9.5) was instrumental in convincing me (and presumably
others)
of the IPCC's attribution argument.
The
observation of a historically high level
of TSI from 1961 to 2001 tends to fit with the theories set out in my
other articles about the real cause
of recent warming and the real link between solar energy, ocean cycles and
global temperatures.
Yet if the «remedy» were fully deployed to reduce the earth's temperature, then at least 10 years
of global climate
observations would be needed to separate out the effects
of the solar filter from
other causes
of climatic variability, according to some scientists.
The two periods are
of different length, and at different temperature levels, with different error bars, and we already know from Cowtan & Way and
other basic
observations that the so - called «
global» dataset isn't representative
of the scale
of the change but tends to minimize differences: you can't simply subtract one rate from the
other and get a valid result.
«Kopacz et al. used a
global chemical transport model to identify the location from which the BC arriving at a variety
of locations in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau originates, after which they calculated its direct and snow - albedo radiative forcings... they say that
observations of black carbon (BC) content in snow «show a rapidly increasing trend,»... «emissions from northern India and central China contribute the majority
of BC to the Himalayas,» and that «the Tibetan Plateau receives most BC from western and central China, as well as from India, Nepal, the Middle East, Pakistan and
other countries.»»
The needs
of UNFCCC and
other users
of global climate
observations and products can only be addressed if plans are developed and implemented in a coordinated manner by national organizations.
The
other tidbit was an
observation:
global temperatures responded in a homeostatic way to perturbations by the volcanic eruption
of Mt Pinatubo and the El Nino
of 1998.
Since the late 1970s,
other data from Earth -
observation satellites have been used to provide a wide range
of global observations of various components
of the climate system.
«My interaction (over the years) with a broad segment
of AMS members (that I have met as a result
of my seasonal hurricane forecasting and
other activities) who have spent a sizable portion
of their careers down in the meteorological trenches
of observations and forecasting, have indicated that a majority
of them do not agree that humans are the primary cause
of global warming.
Every day, ECMWF uses the latest
observations from weather stations, aircraft, satellites and many
other sources to produce up - to - date
global estimates
of surface air temperature.
Global temperatures are adjusted to account for the effects
of station moves, instrument changes, time
of observation (TOBs) changes, and
other factors (referred to as inhomogenities) that cause localized non-climatic biases in the instrumental record.
That might have changed this week with the coverage
of announcement
of «Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern
Observations that 2 °C
Global Warming is Highly Dangerous» by James Hansen and 16
other eminent scientists.
Observations of recent
global warming, short - term cooling after major volcanic eruptions, cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum and
other periods in the historical record, and the seasonal variation in climate, all provide some information which helps to determine the value
of climate sensitivity.
In fact, before Brook heard about fourth generation nuclear, he thought the
global warming problem was intractable because his own calculations confirmed the
observations of many
others (including Energy Secretary Steven Chu, MIT President Susan Hockfield and US Senator Lamar Alexander) regarding the necessity
of nuclear power due to the problems with renewables being able to scale to meet our energy needs.
My own goal is to have readers (and maybe even but not necessarily Graeme) understand the invalidity
of his argument asserting that (essentially) one sea level time series
observation at one coastal location that (allegedly) doesn't show much change in several decades does not imply that the sea level changes have been the same at all
other coastal locations (give or take 100 mm)- which implies that any observed variations exceeding this level in sea level rise at different locations around the world are «not real» and hence sea level rise due to
global warming isn't anything to worry about.
I suspect that none will take on this challenge: (a) You are not a PHOSTA and lack the background, knowledge and critical thinking skills it takes to understand the existing data and its implication in terms
global geochemical systems; (b) You will be unable to find through literature research or create via experiment or
observation the data needed to come to a self - consistent derivation and will thus ignore this challenge in the face
of embarrassment; or (c) You will want to conveniently ignore the myriad
of data presented by Bohm and
others since these data contradict your theory and your working studiously to prove otherwise is, well, just inconvenient.