Sentences with phrase «global ocean mass»

This deceleration is mainly due to the slowdown of ocean thermal expansion in the Pacific during the last decade, as a part of the Pacific decadal - scale variability, while the land - ice melting is accelerating the rise of the global ocean mass - equivalent sea level.

This study showed that the formal errors may not capture the true uncertainty in either regional or global ocean mass trends, particularly with regards to the glacial isostatic correction used.

Not exact matches

In a future which will increasingly be characterized by mass migration and the shifting of political borders, the Ocean Model of Civilisation can serve as a constructive paradigm for greater global security — especially its transcultural dimension — by promoting better and more dignified treatment of human beings, tolerance of diversity and respect for differences.

As Dr. Mackey cited in the published article Sea Change: UCI oceanographer studies effects of global climate fluctuations on aquatic ecosystems: «They would tell us about upwelling and how the ocean wasn't just this one big, homogenous bathtub, that there were different water masses, and they had different chemical properties that influenced what grew there,» she recalls.

Covering nearly 5.5 million square miles, the frozen mass exerts an enormous influence on the global climate, reflecting sunlight back into space and cooling Earth's atmosphere and oceans.

The results highlight how the interaction between ocean conditions and the bedrock beneath a glacier can influence the frozen mass, helping scientists better predict future Antarctica ice loss and global sea level rise.

With GRACE retrievals of surface mass commencing in 2002 and ARGO - derived estimates of global ocean heat content beginning a few years later, an era of unprecedented diagnostic capabilities began.

The only time period that remotely resembles the ocean changes happening today, based on geologic records, was 56 million years ago when carbon mysteriously doubled in the atmosphere, global temperatures rose by approximately six degrees and ocean pH dropped sharply, driving up ocean acidity and causing a mass extinction among single - celled ocean organisms.

However, lacking global observations of surface mass and ocean heat content capable of resolving year to year variations with sufficient accuracy, comprehensive diagnosis of the events early in the altimetry record (e.g. such as determining the relative roles of thermal expansion versus mass changes) has remained elusive.

During glaciation, water was taken from the oceans to form the ice at high latitudes, thus global sea level drops by about 120 meters, exposing the continental shelves and forming land - bridges between land - masses for animals to migrate.

-- Climate impacts: global temperatures, ice cap melting, ocean currents, ENSO, volcanic impacts, tipping points, severe weather events — Environment impacts: ecosystem changes, disease vectors, coastal flooding, marine ecosystem, agricultural system — Government actions: US political views, world - wide political views, carbon tax / cap - and - trade restrictions, state and city efforts — Reducing GHGs: + electric power systems: fossil fuel use, conservation, solar, wind, geothermal, nuclear, tidal, other + transportation sector: conservation, mass transit, high speed rail, air travel, auto / truck (mileage issues, PHEVs, EVs, biofuels, hydrogen) + architectural structure design: home / office energy use, home / office conservation, passive solar, other

The objective of our study was to quantify the consistency of near - global and regional integrals of ocean heat content and steric sea level (from in situ temperature and salinity data), total sea level (from satellite altimeter data) and ocean mass (from satellite gravimetry data) from an Argo perspective.

Cazenave, A., D. P. Chambers, P. Cipollini, L. L. Fu, J. W. Hurell, M. Merrifield, R. S. Nerem, H. P. Plag, C. K. Shum, and J. Willis, 2010: The challenge of measuring sea level rise and regional and global trends, Geodetic observations of ocean surface topography, ocean currents, ocean mass, and ocean volume changes.

bozzza - The differences in the Arctic are perhaps 1/4 the ocean thermal mass as global ocean averages, small overall size (the smallest ocean), being almost surrounded by land (which warms faster), more limited liquid interchanges due to bottlenecking than the Antarctic, and very importantly considerable susceptibility to positive albedo feedbacks; as less summer ice is present given current trends, solar energy absorbed by the Arctic ocean goes up very rapidly.

We know from satellite measurements that the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets (GIS and WAIS respectively) are losing mass in response to global warming, and that, in the case of the partly sea - based West Antarctica ice - sheet, basal melting of the ice by warmer ocean - water is likely to be a key mechanism.

The backdrop to the renewed interest in asserting territorial claims on the Arctic and Antarctic by states such as Canada, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom is that global warming, and in particular the warming of oceans, is leading to accelerating erosion of the ice mass at both poles.

If both Greenland and West Antarctica shed the entirety of their ice burden, global sea levels would rise by 12 to 14 m. Although these icecaps would not disintegrate within a century, the loss of even a third of their mass — quite plausible if the rate of polar ice loss continues to double each decade — would force up the oceans by at least 4 m, with disastrous socioeconomic and environmental consequences.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo is assumed to have no impact on global temperature due to the thermal mass involved and distance from the ocean.

The confusion on this subject lies in the fact that only about 2 percent of global warming is used in heating air, whereas about 90 percent of global warming goes into heating the oceans (the rest heats ice and land masses).

Besides these thousands of thermometer readings from weather stations around the world, there are many other clear indicators of global warming such as rising ocean temperatures, sea level, and atmospheric humidity, and declining snow cover, glacier mass, and sea ice.

To conduct the research, a team of scientists led by John Fasullo of the US National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, combined data from three sources: NASA's GRACE satellites, which make detailed measurements of Earth's gravitational field, enabling scientists to monitor changes in the mass of continents; the Argo global array of 3,000 free - drifting floats, which measure the temperature and salinity of the upper layers of the oceans; and satellite - based altimeters that are continuously calibrated against a network of tide gauges.

J. T. Fasullo, R. S. Nerem & B. Hamlington Scientific Reports 6, Article number: 31245 (2016) doi: 10.1038 / srep31245 Download Citation Climate and Earth system modellingProjection and prediction Received: 13 April 2016 Accepted: 15 July 2016 Published online: 10 August 2016 Erratum: 10 November 2016 Updated online 10 November 2016 Abstract Global mean sea level rise estimated from satellite altimetry provides a strong constraint on climate variability and change and is expected to accelerate as the rates of both ocean warming and cryospheric mass loss increase over time.

Abstract: «Global mean sea level rise estimated from satellite altimetry provides a strong constraint on climate variability and change and is expected to accelerate as the rates of both ocean warming and cryospheric mass loss increase over time.

Hence CO2 ramped up ever faster in the atmosphere, further accelerating warming, until you have the same symptoms of a global - warming - mass - extinction like the end Triassic or even Permian (ocean acidification, jump in global temperatures, ocean anoxia, etc).

«It is very likely that the rate of global mean sea level rise during the 21st century will exceed the rate observed during 1971 — 2010 for all Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios due to increases in ocean warming and loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets.

Monthly averages of global mean surface temperature (GMST) include natural variability, and they are influenced by the differing heat capacities of the oceans and land masses.

Net mass flow is moving from mainly cryosphere (Greenland and Antarctica) to the ocean, with the resultant sea level rise from each region affecting global sea level is amazingly different ways, but a consistent story beginning to take shape that tells us to expect this shift in mass from cryosphere to ocean to accelerate as the 21st Century progresses.

Need to take a global perspective, on both sources and destination for the mass exchange of waster into ice and between land and ocean that is likely to occur in the 21st Century.

The myriad of processes that transform energy, that result in the motion of mass in the atmosphere, in oceans, and on land, processes that drive the global water, carbon, and other biogeochemical cycles, all have in common that they are irreversible in their nature.»

«Combining the evidence from ocean warming and mass loss of glaciers we conclude that it is very likely that there is a substantial contribution from anthropogenic forcing to the global mean sea level rise since the 1970s.»

Other leading theories to causes of mass extinctions include: global climate change, changes in sea level, chemical poisoning of the atmosphere and / or oceans, variation in solar radiation, and extreme volcanic activity.

High confidence that due to glacier mass loss there will be related impacts on hydropower production, ocean circulation, fisheries, and global sea level rise.

We use realistic estimates of mass redistribution from ice mass loss and land water storage to quantify the resulting ocean bottom deformation and its effect on global and regional ocean volume change estimates.

Ice masses have been set on a melting course that seems unstoppable; the acidity of the oceans has soared by some 30 % and still rises; even the Earth's crust is being transformed by global changes in the climate.

In the article and subsequent aimiable exchange with Nordhaus, Dyson touted no fewer than three possible crackpot mega-schemes as contingency «low - cost backstops» against global warming: «carbon - eating trees» covering fully a quarter of Earth's vegetated land mass, «carbon - eating phytoplankton in the oceans», and «snow - dumping in East Antarctica» (via «a giant array of tethered kites or balloons so as to block the westerly flow on one side only.»)

Fluctuations in the mass of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are of considerable societal importance as they impact directly on global sea levels: since 1901, ice losses from Antarctica and Greenland, alongside the melting of small glaciers and ice caps and thermal expansion of the oceans, have caused global sea levels to rise at an average rate of 1.7 mm / yr.

Analyzes space geodetic and satellite gravimetric data for the period 2003 — 2015 to show that all of the main features of polar motion are explained by global - scale continent - ocean mass transport

Mean sea level (MSL) evolution has a direct impact on coastal areas and is a crucial index of climate change since it reflects both the amount of heat added in the ocean and the mass loss due to land ice melt (e.g. IPCC, 2013; Dieng et al., 2017) Long - term and inter-annual variations of the sea level are observed at global and regional scales.

OWASLT = Sum (Temp x Mass x Heat Capacity) / Sum (Mass x Heat Capacity), and looking at all pieces of mass components in the atmosphere + mass in the ocean (say down to 2000m or whatever depth would appropriate with respect to available global data & that should rightfully be included for an all inclusive weighted average temperature like this).

Knowing what is driving ice - shelf melt is important because when ice shelves lose mass, they speed up the flow of land - bound glaciers that feed them, moving ice from the continent to the ocean, and contributing to global sea level rise.

We use the simplified atmosphere — ocean model of Russell et al. [108], which solves the same fundamental equations (conservation of energy, momentum, mass and water substance, and the ideal gas law) as in more elaborate global models.

In general, the pattern of change in return values for 20 - year extreme temperature events from an equilibrium simulation for doubled CO2 with a global atmospheric model coupled to a non-dynamic slab ocean shows moderate increases over oceans and larger increases over land masses (Zwiers and Kharin, 1998; Figure 9.29).

To ascertain with confidence the extent to which deep water production impacts the ocean's meridional circulation and hence the ocean's contributions to the global poleward heat flux, continuous measures of trans - basin mass and heat transports are needed.

Rise of the global average sea level over the time periods of most interest to human economies is controlled primarily by the mass or density of ocean water.

Changes in Earth's rotation from the redistribution of mass as the ice melts and ocean responds also contribute slightly to local deviations from the global average.

The global oceanic conveyer belt, is a unifying concept that connects the ocean's surface and thermohaline (deep mass) circulation regimes, transporting heat and salt on a planetary scale.

Depending on how the continents are arranged the global ocean conveyor belt changes and having a land mass over a pole blocks warm water from getting at the ice to melt it.

The rise of CO2 that led to this dramatic acidification occurred during the Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a period when global temperatures rose by around 5 °C over several thousand years and one of the largest - ever mass extinctions in the deep ocean occurred.

The generally greater cooling in land masses than over the ocean is mainly due to temperatures over land generally being more sensitive to global forcing, not to LU forcing being located in land masses.

«Greenland hosts the largest reservoir of freshwater in the northern hemisphere, and any substantial changes in the mass of its ice sheet will affect global sea level, ocean circulation and climate,» said Velicogna.