Sentences with phrase «global ocean processes»

Marine microorganisms that drive many global ocean processes (e.g. oxygen production, primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling) are able to adapt to ocean acidification [49].

Not exact matches

Global Seafoods can track every box of seafood through its production process back to the part of the ocean it was pulled from.

Now, Ocean Spray's beverage manufacturing and distribution processes are also officially certified by NSF International to comply with global safety and quality measures.

Gross says that the most important processes affecting day length are changes in the weather, especially unusual variations in the strength and direction of the winds, which bring on alterations in the global circulation of the atmosphere and ocean.

The models also include the greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants that result from these processes, and they incorporate all of that information within a global climate model that simulates the physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere, as well as in freshwater and ocean systems.

The third process, tidal dissipation, has recently become a focus in planetary science as a potential heat source sufficient enough to create and maintain subsurface global oceans and viscous processes affecting ice flow in which disturbances within the crystal lattice allow ice to flow like honey (over long enough time periods).

As global warming affects the earth and ocean, the retreat of the sea ice means there won't be as much cold, dense water, generated through a process known as oceanic convection, created to flow south and feed the Gulf Stream.

The global climate models do a good job of simulating the process of sea ice formation over large areas in the open ocean.

The findings, published online Feb. 27 in the journal Nature Geoscience, will help inform scientists about the processes influencing global warming in the western tropical Pacific Ocean.

Together with global academic research partners they plan to investigate geochemical and biological processes at European ocean margins.

This anthropogenic addition of nitrogen has reached a magnitude comparable to about half of global ocean nitrogen fixation (the natural process by which atmospheric nitrogen gas becomes a useful nutrient for organisms).

Researchers have long known the region is crucial in the uptake of atmospheric CO2 and that biological processes in the Southern Ocean influence the global ocean system via northward flowing currOcean influence the global ocean system via northward flowing currocean system via northward flowing currents.

That process creates enough heat, scientists think, to create a global subsurface ocean on Europa.

The detailed mechanisms of how the oceans contribute to this global carbon cycle at the microscopic scale, and which microbes have a leadership role in the breakdown process, are complex and convoluted problems to solve.

The process is a key component global ocean circulation system.

Ocean Observing Systems: Acoustical Observations and Applications: Passive and active acoustic methods can be employed for long - term, sustained observations of physical, chemical, and biological processes with Global and Regional Ocean Observing Systems.

Ocean acidification processes are occurring at global scales; therefore, we need to go beyond local measurements and observe ocean acidification globally in order to understand its drivers correOcean acidification processes are occurring at global scales; therefore, we need to go beyond local measurements and observe ocean acidification globally in order to understand its drivers correocean acidification globally in order to understand its drivers correctly.

The complexity of these biochemical processes makes it difficult to accurately simulate how the ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and how it stores this carbon as global conditions change.

Over the period 1984 — 2006 the global changes are 0.28 °C in SST and − 9.1 W m − 2 in Q, giving an effective air — sea coupling coefficient of − 32 W m − 2 °C − 1... [D] iminished ocean cooling due to vertical ocean processes played an important role in sustaining the observed positive trend in global SST from 1984 through 2006, despite the decrease in global surface heat flux.

They are the most advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global climate system — including processes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land surface — to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.

While anthropogenic CO2 emissions are driving acidification at global scales, processes occurring at local scales can also affect ocean chemistry.

Oceanographers use substances called tracers to study the path and rate of ocean currents and of processes such as mixing that are important parts of the global ocean and climate systems.

Cooling of the tectonic plates, and the impact of the ridge flank system on the chemistry of the ocean, are fundamental global - scale processes.

Global benthic foraminifera δ18O and Indian Ocean aeolian records do not explain these processes [3].

Quantitative documentation of these processes in the Arctic Ocean is needed for refinement of the next generation of global ocean acidification moOcean is needed for refinement of the next generation of global ocean acidification moocean acidification models.

However, Ocean Capital also evaluates additional criteria in their decision process including global cash flow, business owner's character, credit, management experience, collateral and owner's injection.

Note that this sampling noise in the tide gauge data most likely comes from the water sloshing around in the ocean under the influence of winds etc., which looks like sea - level change if you only have a very limited number of measurement points, although this process can not actually change the true global - mean sea level.

``... as sea ice melts, Arctic waters warm, greatly altering ocean processes, which in turn have an effect on Arctic and global climate, says Michael Steele, senior oceanographer at the University of Washington, Seattle.

Compared to the Eemian the local insolation forcing may be much smaller, but the global forcing impacting the Arctic and Antarctic through various processes, thru the ocean e.g., may still add up to have comparable or stronger effects as during the Eemian.

I particularly enjoyed the slides that, when combined (1) provided an overview of hotter and cooler CO2 molecules as it relates to how they are seen from outer space and from profile — because this will make it easier for me to explain this process to others; (2) walked through the volcanic and solar activity vs assigning importance to CO2 changes — because this another way to help make it clearer, too, but in another way; (3) discussed CO2 induced warming and ocean rise vs different choices we might make — because this helps point out why every day's delay matters; and (4) showed Figure 1 from William Nordhaus» «Strategies for Control of Carbon Dioxide» and then super-imposed upon that the global mean temperature in colors showing pre-paper and post-paper periods — because this helps to show just how far back it was possible to make reasoned projections without the aid of a more nuanced and modern understanding.

eg pg xii To improve our predictive capability, we need: • to understand better the various climate - related processes, particularly those associated with clouds, oceans and the carbon cycle • to improve the systematic observation of climate - related variables on a global basis, and further investigate changes which took place in the past • to develop improved models of the Earth's climate system • to increase support for national and international climate research activities, especially in developing countries • to facilitate international exchange of climate data

Steffen et al concede that «not all Earth system processes included in the PB have singular thresholds at the global / continental / ocean basin level.»

We need to be cognizant of everything from local - scale stable boundary layer micrometeorolgy and ocean unstable boundary layer turbulent processes to global oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns such as the Arctic Oscillation and the Gulf Stream's seasonal evolution.

If as I suggest one includes the much denser oceans as a component of atmosphere then increases in CO2 become irredeemably trivial in terms of their power to alter overall density and thus the global heat retaining process.

On decadal and longer time scales, global mean sea level change results from two major processes, mostly related to recent climate change, that alter the volume of water in the global ocean: i) thermal expansion (Section 5.5.3), and ii) the exchange of water between oceans and other reservoirs (glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, other land water reservoirs - including through anthropogenic change in land hydrology, and the atmosphere; Section 5.5.5).

If as I suggest one includes the much denser oceans as a component of atmosphere then increases in CO2 become irredeemably trivial in terms of their power to alter overall density and the speed of energy throughput and thus the global heat retaining process.

«Routine measurements from space can provide quasi-synoptic, reproducible data for investigating processes on global scales; they may also be the most efficient way to monitor the ocean surface,» the researchers wrote.

The principal scientific objective is to make global SSS measurements over the ice - free oceans with 150 - km spatial resolution, and to achieve a measurement error less than 0.2 (PSS - 78 [practical salinity scale of 1978]-RRB- on a 30 - day time scale, taking into account all sensors and geophysical random errors and biases.Salinity is indeed a key indicator of the strength of the hydrologic cycle because it tracks the differences created by varying evaporation and precipitation, runoff, and ice processes.

Climate sensitivity is defined in terms of global averages (there is only one number) but a GCM is fully time - dependent, three - dimensional simulation that typically includes atmospheric and ocean processes.

It is important to mention that these processes are not uniform over the global ocean and thus the disequilibrium is not only between ocean and atmosphere, but there are also differences in radiocarbon levels within the ocean.

Hi CH There are two major factor in global climatic changes (and I consider CO2 to be a minor one, taking place below the UHI)-- direct Sun - Earth link (TSI, electromagnetic, UV and particle radiation)-- Ocean heath storage (long term integration process) and distribution (ocean currents) Views of solar scientists (including Mike Lockwood) are constrained by their 1950's hero Eugene Parker's theories, which the latest discoveries often bring into quesOcean heath storage (long term integration process) and distribution (ocean currents) Views of solar scientists (including Mike Lockwood) are constrained by their 1950's hero Eugene Parker's theories, which the latest discoveries often bring into quesocean currents) Views of solar scientists (including Mike Lockwood) are constrained by their 1950's hero Eugene Parker's theories, which the latest discoveries often bring into question.

Better understanding of the thermal processes and effects that OTEC operations has on ocean temperatures and vice versa is important to predict energy yield potential on both local (site - specific) and global scales.

Monitoring the ocean to its full depth with consistently calibrated instrumentation all over the globe — and doing so for decades at a time — is critical to track how global warming impacts the oceans» ecosystems and biogeochemical processes.

A rise in evaporation can not cause a global effect, only a local one — the evaporated water has to condense and return to the ocean somewhere so this process represents a redistribution of existing energy, not a global increase.

This includes maintaining the Argo array, continuing salinity satellite missions, and, especially, expanding satellite constellations to observe the entire global hydrological cycle, including processes over the ocean, in the cryosphere, on land, and in the atmosphere.

The myriad of processes that transform energy, that result in the motion of mass in the atmosphere, in oceans, and on land, processes that drive the global water, carbon, and other biogeochemical cycles, all have in common that they are irreversible in their nature.»

You don't need to go into the details about carbon emissions or chemical processes or quantities of global ice loss or sea level elevations or ocean acidification or the potential feedback loop of tundra methane releases, although there is plenty of available information on all of them.

Understanding such processes, though, is «critically important to understanding the climate of the earth» because of the way sea ice formation works as the initial driver of the global ocean «conveyor belts», Dr Lieser said.

I'm very convinced that the physical process of global warming is continuing, which appears as a statistically significant increase of the global surface and tropospheric temperature anomaly over a time scale of about 20 years and longer and also as trends in other climate variables (e.g., global ocean heat content increase, Arctic and Antarctic ice decrease, mountain glacier decrease on average and others), and I don't see any scientific evidence according to which this trend has been broken, recently.

I have worked on a wide range of topics pertaining to the global carbon cycle and its relation to global climate, with special focus on ocean sedimentary processes such as CaCO3 dissolution and methane hydrate formation, and their impact on the evolution of atmospheric CO2.