Sentences with phrase «global ocean temperature by»

In the late 1970s, Munk realized that you could monitor global ocean temperature by how fast sound travels within the sea, as sound travels faster through warmer, lighter water.

Not exact matches

But as climate patterns become less predictable and global ocean temperatures rise, the water temperature readings identified by the Rutgers team might bring to light similar patterns that will allow forecasters to adjust their intensity forecasts accordingly.

The Tibetan Plateau in China experiences the strongest monsoon system on Earth, with powerful winds — and accompanying intense rains in the summer months — caused by a complex system of global air circulation patterns and differences in surface temperatures between land and oceans.

The resulting outburst of methane produced effects similar to those predicted by current models of global climate change: a sudden, extreme rise in temperatures, combined with acidification of the oceans.

«August and June - August global temperatures each reach record high, driven largely by record warm global oceans.»

By next year, the Argo project will have installed 3,000 floating sensors across all the oceans, offering a daily snapshot of global patterns of water temperature and salinity — crucial for predicting the nature and pace of climate change.

«Our research indicates that as global warming continues, parts of East Antarctica will also be affected by these wind - induced changes in ocean currents and temperatures,» Dr Jourdain said.

«By prescribing the effects of human - made climate change and observed global ocean temperatures, our model can reproduce the observed shifts in weather patterns and wildfire occurrences.»

«The range of pH and temperature that some organisms experience on a daily basis exceeds the changes we expect to see in the global ocean by the end of the century,» notes Rivest, an assistant professor at VIMS.

Average global land and ocean temperatures have climbed at a rate of 0.2 °C per decade since 1976, according to data compiled by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in Geneva, Switzerland.

A detailed, long - term ocean temperature record derived from corals on Christmas Island in Kiribati and other islands in the tropical Pacific shows that the extreme warmth of recent El Niño events reflects not just the natural ocean - atmosphere cycle but a new factor: global warming caused by human activity.

So the report notes that the current «pause» in new global average temperature records since 1998 — a year that saw the second strongest El Nino on record and shattered warming records — does not reflect the long - term trend and may be explained by the oceans absorbing the majority of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases as well as the cooling contributions of volcanic eruptions.

Global ocean temperatures were unprecedented during the period, and several land areas, including the continental United States, Australia, Europe, South America and Russia, broke temperature records by large margins.

These discoveries were made possible by the enhancement of a global network to monitor sea - surface temperatures, under the auspices of TOGA and another large international study, the World Ocean Circulation Experiment.

The average August temperature for the global oceans was record high for the month, at 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) above the 20th century average, beating the previous record set in 2005 by 0.08 °C (0.14 °F).

This curve represents the portion of global temperature that is not accounted for by the two main ocean oscillations, of respective periods 56 years and 75 years, and the CO2 blanket that Tyndall and Arrhenius wrote about in the 19th century.

The reason could be linked to rising sea surface temperatures — fueled in part by global warming — as seen in ocean buoy data collected along the U.S. coast.

The observed and projected rates of increase in freshwater runoff could potentially disrupt ocean circulation if global temperatures rise by 3 to 4 °C over this century as forecast by the IPCC 2001 report.

For as much as atmospheric temperatures are rising, the amount of energy being absorbed by the planet is even more striking when one looks into the deep oceans and the change in the global heat content (Figure 4).

These rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an increase in global average temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed by the oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in surface ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).

With the contribution of such record warmth at year's end and with 10 months of the year record warm for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second warmest for January and April was third warmest), the average global temperature across land and ocean surface areas for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29 °F).

A typical oceanographic mooring, like one deployed in the northwest Atlantic Ocean by the Global Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the mooOcean by the Global Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the mooOcean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the mooocean current patterns around the mooring.

The circled area is (roughly) the solar energy already absorbed by the ocean and yet to manifest itself in global temperatures i.e - warming already committed.

With its mention of the ocean and the pursuit to reduce global warming to well below 2, even 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial temperatures, the agreement adopted by all 196 parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris on December 12, 2015, is appreciated by scientists present at the negotiations.

The only time period that remotely resembles the ocean changes happening today, based on geologic records, was 56 million years ago when carbon mysteriously doubled in the atmosphere, global temperatures rose by approximately six degrees and ocean pH dropped sharply, driving up ocean acidity and causing a mass extinction among single - celled ocean organisms.

El Niño is a recurring climate pattern defined by above - average ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific that affect weather patterns around the world, leading to a slight uptick in global temperatures.

For the oceans, the November global sea surface temperature was 0.84 °C (1.51 °F) above the 20th century average of 15.8 °C (60.4 °F), the highest for November on record, surpassing the previous record set last year by 0.20 °C (0.36 °F).

The June globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.39 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.5 °F — the highest global ocean temperature for June in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.05 °F.

The May globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.37 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.3 °F — the highest global ocean temperature for May in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.09 °F.

The April globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.44 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 60.9 °F — the highest global ocean temperature for April in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.25 °F and besting 1998, the last time a similar strength El Niño occurred, by 0.43 °F.

The July globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.42 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.5 °F — the highest global ocean temperature for July in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.07 °F.

The CDR potential and possible environmental side effects are estimated for various COA deployment scenarios, assuming olivine as the alkalinity source in ice ‐ free coastal waters (about 8.6 % of the global ocean's surface area), with dissolution rates being a function of grain size, ambient seawater temperature, and pH. Our results indicate that for a large ‐ enough olivine deployment of small ‐ enough grain sizes (10 µm), atmospheric CO2 could be reduced by more than 800 GtC by the year 2100.

The September globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.33 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.1 °F, tying with 2014 as the second highest global ocean temperature for September in the 1880 — 2016 record, behind 2015 by 0.16 °F.

First, today a paper by Grant Foster and Stefan Rahmstorf was published by Environmental Research Letters, providing a new analysis of the five available global (land + ocean) temperature time series.

2) Anthropogenic global warming will not affect the Arctic (or any other region) solely by increasing local temperatures, but also by its complex effects on climate as a whole, which includes affects on patterns of wind and ocean currents.

Global average air temperature near the surface is dominated by the ocean (because it covers two thirds of the planet), particularly at low latitudes.

Human water vapour emissions are irrelevant, as water vapour is in dynamic equilibrium with ocean water, an equilibrium controlled by global mean temperature, i.e., other greenhouse gases etc..

But I would suppose that equilibrium climate sensitivity [background] and even global mean surface temperature on a decadal scale could be better nailed down by model pruning and better ocean data.

If La Nina / El Nino can affect global air temperatures in a period of a few years, than other changes in ocean currents (driven by AGW) can affect global atmospheric heat content in a few years.

Global hurricane frequency versus global ocean temperatures - Top image from FSU ACE, bottom image from GISS ocean data plotted by WUWT - click for largerGlobal hurricane frequency versus global ocean temperatures - Top image from FSU ACE, bottom image from GISS ocean data plotted by WUWT - click for largerglobal ocean temperatures - Top image from FSU ACE, bottom image from GISS ocean data plotted by WUWT - click for larger image

These record temperatures have been assisted by a very strong El Niño event, which brought warm water to the ocean surface, temporarily warming global surface temperatures.

It has a miscule effect and was used by realclimate as a get out of jail clause because they knew the oceans dominate atmospheric global temperatures.

A 2008 report commissioned by WWF warned that if global temperatures rise 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above pre-industrial averages, sea ice in the Southern Ocean could shrink by 10 to 15 percent.

[G] etting the [monsoon] forecast right remains a challenge, thanks to the complex — and still poorly understood — ways in which South Asia's monsoon rains are influenced by everything from atmospheric and ocean temperatures to air quality and global climate trends.

At 0.2 C century global ocean warming it'll take 1000 years not 400 years to raise global average temperature by 2.0 C.

We can look at the impacts of the GISS infilling method by subtracting the global GISS land - ocean temperature index data with 250 km smoothing from the GISS data with 1200 km smoothing.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variabilitBy comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variabilitby a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

Whether we look at the steady increase in global temperature; the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to the highest level in a half - million years; the march of warmest - ever years (9 of the10 hottest on record have occurred since 2000); the dramatic shrinking of mountain glaciers and Arctic sea ice; the accelerating rise in sea level; or the acidification of our oceans; the tale told by the evidence is consistent and it is compelling.

A global - scale instrumental temperature record that has not been contaminated by (a) artificial urban heat (asphalt, machines, industrial waste heat, etc.), (b) ocean - air affected biases (detailed herein), or (c) artificial adjustments to past data that uniformly serve to cool the past and warm the present... is now available.

Forest 2006, along with several other climate sensitivity studies, used simulations by the MIT 2D model of zonal surface and upper - air temperatures and global deep - ocean temperature, the upper - air data being least influential.