Parts of the northwestern Pacific, the North Atlantic south of Greenland, and regions in the southern oceans near Antarctica were were cooler or much cooler than average, with no areas of
the global oceans record cold.
Not exact matches
In addition to the Asia heat wave, those events were the
record global heat in 2016 and the growth and persistence of a large swath of high
ocean temperatures, nicknamed «the Blob,» in the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska.
Land and
Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6
Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over
global land and
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the
record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6 °C).
The
global average temperature over land and
ocean surfaces for January to October 2014 was the highest on
record, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Ocean Only: The August
global sea surface temperature was 1.17 °F (0.65 °C) above the 20th century average of 61.4 °F (16.4 °C), the highest on
record for August.
Ocean Only: The global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only
Ocean Only: The
global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only
ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on
record, behind only 1998.
«August and June - August
global temperatures each reach
record high, driven largely by
record warm
global oceans.»
One of the key drivers of 2015's
record heat was the
global oceans, which take up 90 percent of the excess heat trapped by the atmosphere.
Ocean Only: The June - August
global sea surface temperature was 1.13 °F (0.63 °C), above the 20th century average of 61.5 °F (16.4 °C), the highest for June - August on
record.
By studying the variations of uranium isotopes
recorded in carbonates, the team was able to infer
global anoxia occurring throughout the
ocean using samples from a single outcrop.
According to NOAA, the
global average
ocean temperature for the first half of the year is 1.42 °F (0.79 °C) above the 20th century average, the largest such departure in 137 years of
records.
A working group known as PALSEA2 (Paleo constraints on sea level rise) used past
records of local change in sea level and converted them to a
global mean sea level by predicting how the surface of the Earth deforms due to changes in ice -
ocean loading of the crust, along with changes in gravitational attraction on the
ocean surface.
A detailed, long - term
ocean temperature
record derived from corals on Christmas Island in Kiribati and other islands in the tropical Pacific shows that the extreme warmth of recent El Niño events reflects not just the natural
ocean - atmosphere cycle but a new factor:
global warming caused by human activity.
So the report notes that the current «pause» in new
global average temperature
records since 1998 — a year that saw the second strongest El Nino on
record and shattered warming
records — does not reflect the long - term trend and may be explained by the
oceans absorbing the majority of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases as well as the cooling contributions of volcanic eruptions.
Global ocean temperatures were unprecedented during the period, and several land areas, including the continental United States, Australia, Europe, South America and Russia, broke temperature
records by large margins.
The
global ocean temperature was a major contributor to the
global average, as its departure from average for the period was also highest on
record, at 0.63 °C (1.13 °F) above average.
June — August 2014, at 0.71 °C (1.28 °F) higher than the 20th century average, was the warmest such period across
global land and
ocean surfaces since
record keeping began in 1880, edging out the previous
record set in 1998.
The average August temperature for the
global oceans was
record high for the month, at 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) above the 20th century average, beating the previous
record set in 2005 by 0.08 °C (0.14 °F).
With
records dating back to 1880, the
global temperature across the world's land and
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was 0.75 °C (1.35 °F) higher than the 20th century average of 15.6 °C (60.1 °F).
MHW frequency increased over 82 % of the
global ocean between two 17 - year periods at the beginning and end of the
record (1982 — 1998 and 2000 — 2016, splitting the time series in half; Fig. 1b).
All of that heat in the
oceans also raised
global sea levels to a new
record high, more than 2.5 inches above what it was in 1993, as water expands as it heats up.
The
oceans are heating up: Not only was Earth's temperature
record warm in 2014, but so were the
global oceans, as sea surface temperatures and the heat of the upper
oceans also hit
record highs.
The January
global land surface temperature was also second highest on
record, while the
global ocean surface temperature was third highest.
•
Global messages from Antarctica, Dana Bergstrom • Deciphering past climate and ice sheet dynamics from sedimentary
records, Carlota Escutia (Antarctic Science Lecture) • Southern
Ocean Acidification, Richard Bellerby (Weyprecht Lecture) • Martha T Muse Lecture (Winner for 2014 to be announced)
This all - time monthly
record was broken in August 2015 (+0.78 °C / +1.40 °F), then broken again in September (+0.83 °C / +1.49 °F), and then broken once more in October (0.86 °C / 1.55 °F)-- making three all - time new monthly high
global ocean temperature
records set in a single calendar year.
With the contribution of such
record warmth at year's end and with 10 months of the year
record warm for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second warmest for January and April was third warmest), the average
global temperature across land and
ocean surface areas for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous
record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29 °F).
A typical oceanographic mooring, like one deployed in the northwest Atlantic
Ocean by the Global Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the moo
Ocean by the
Global Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the moo
Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that
records surface
ocean current patterns around the moo
ocean current patterns around the mooring.
The only time period that remotely resembles the
ocean changes happening today, based on geologic
records, was 56 million years ago when carbon mysteriously doubled in the atmosphere,
global temperatures rose by approximately six degrees and
ocean pH dropped sharply, driving up
ocean acidity and causing a mass extinction among single - celled
ocean organisms.
However, lacking
global observations of surface mass and
ocean heat content capable of resolving year to year variations with sufficient accuracy, comprehensive diagnosis of the events early in the altimetry
record (e.g. such as determining the relative roles of thermal expansion versus mass changes) has remained elusive.
For the
oceans, the November
global sea surface temperature was 0.84 °C (1.51 °F) above the 20th century average of 15.8 °C (60.4 °F), the highest for November on
record, surpassing the previous
record set last year by 0.20 °C (0.36 °F).
Ocean warming also strengthened the 2015 - 2016 El Niño and contributed to
record global heat in 2016.
The June globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.39 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.5 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for June in the 1880 — 2016
record, surpassing the previous
record set in 2015 by 0.05 °F.
The May globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.37 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.3 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for May in the 1880 — 2016
record, surpassing the previous
record set in 2015 by 0.09 °F.
Similar to the March — May
global land and
ocean surface temperature, the March — May land surface temperature was also the fourth highest three - month departure from average for any three - month period on
record.
The April globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.44 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 60.9 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for April in the 1880 — 2016
record, surpassing the previous
record set in 2015 by 0.25 °F and besting 1998, the last time a similar strength El Niño occurred, by 0.43 °F.
The July globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.42 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.5 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for July in the 1880 — 2016
record, surpassing the previous
record set in 2015 by 0.07 °F.
Since NOAA began keeping
records in 1880, the combined
global land and
ocean surface temperature was the warmest on
record for both April and for the period from January through April in 2010.
During the final month, the December combined
global land and
ocean average surface temperature was the highest on
record for any month in the 136 - year
record.
Global benthic foraminifera δ18O and Indian
Ocean aeolian
records do not explain these processes [3].
The long - term warming of the planet, as well as an exceptionally strong El Niño, led to numerous climate
records in 2015, including milestones for
global temperatures, carbon dioxide levels and
ocean heat, according to the World Meteorological Organization's annual State of the Climate Report.
The September globally averaged sea surface temperature was 1.33 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.1 °F, tying with 2014 as the second highest
global ocean temperature for September in the 1880 — 2016
record, behind 2015 by 0.16 °F.
Ocean heating accounts for about 40 percent of
global sea level rise, because water expands as it warms up;
global average sea level from January through November was also a
record high, the WMO said.
This value was the second highest
global ocean temperature for October in the 1880 — 2016
record, 0.25 °F lower than the
record warmth of October 2015.
During the final month, the December combined
global land and
ocean average surface temperature was the third highest for December in the 137 - year
record.
This value was the second highest
global ocean temperature for November in the 1880 — 2016
record, 0.34 °F lower than the
record warmth of November 2015.
There exists incontrovertible data from studies of the
Global Science Report launched by UNESCO Director - General, Dr. Irina Bokova that «
records for the first time where and how existing
ocean science capacities are empowering society and generating knowledge to conserve
ocean resources.»
In addition, since the
global surface temperature
records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the
oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.
«The
global annual temperature for combined land and
ocean surfaces for 2007 is expected to be near 58.0 °F and would be the fifth warmest since
records began in 1880.
-- The combined
global land and
ocean average surface temperature for the December — February period was 0.41 °C (0.74 °F) above the 20th century average of 12.1 °C (53.8 °F), making it the 17th warmest such period on
record and the coolest December — February since 2008.
Why it is expected that this miniscule heat speculated as being distributed across the entire
ocean volume, would suddenly give up it's heat, thereby reappearing in the
global surface
record.