Sentences with phrase «good approximation by»

The exact number per year for the last 200 years is unknown, but Heald and his assistants were able to arrive at a pretty good approximation by relying on the number of titles available for each year in WorldCat, a library catalog that contains the complete listings of 72,000 libraries around the world.

Figure 5 - A HadCRU T3 series of the monthly Global Mean Surface Temperature anomaly w.r.t. 1961 - 1990 average anomaly and its best approximation by three sinusoids of periods 1000 years, 210 years and 60 years.

Did you miss «its best approximation by the sum of three sinusoids of periods 1000 years, 210 years and 60 years»

Not exact matches

The demographic breakdown between the two denominations is difficult to assess and varies by source, but a good approximation is that greater than 75 % of the world's Muslims are Sunni and 10 — 20 % are Shia, [1][2] with most Shias belonging to the Twelver tradition and the rest divided between several other groups.

What has been discovered... is that, on one main point at least (the choice between the three propositions), religion at its best was literally and philosophically right, and theology was but a first approximation, vitiated by ambiguities or inconsistencies.

The eternal peace of humanity with God, received by faith on account of Christ's victory over sin, death, and the power of Satan, is dismissed as pie in the sky to be exchanged for the various approximations of peace and happiness that in good times this world also knows about and experiences.

Public discourse on the fallen is going to be an approximation, but if Hayes was going to wonder whether (for instance) troops who died because their Humvee ran over an IED or because they were shot by an Afghan security officer they were training should not be described as heroes, the calendar offers about 320 or so better days to bring up the subject.

@ Kenrick I need some help with the above formula because you really can not divide eternity by a cardinal number however we could fold eternity 7 times and get a good approximation of the disproportionate risk Chuckles takes by living only for today.

The first step in establishing an alkaline diet is to assess your current pH. A good approximation of tissue pH is easily obtained by testing the pH of your saliva or first - morning urine.

Below, the full Week 8 results of college football games involving teams ranked by the AP Poll, which is a good enough approximation of Playoff rankings for now.

Deploying the format used by Nige Tassell in his recent book The Bottom Corner, as well as an approximation of the approach of Michael Calvin in his recent trilogy of volumes, Hughes devotes a chapter each to the majority of the North West» senior clubs, tackling matters through the lens of a single interviewee and interlacing that person's thoughts with his own impressions on the fortunes of a club, both current and historical.

And the result is that even though there are differences among species and even though populations are impacted by unpredictable forces, we can get away with a simple zero - sum - game as a good approximation of reality.

The lesson includes: Starter - a quick question on integrating with bounds to focus students on integrating skills again Learning Objectives - differentiated by outcome Superb teaching slides showing why the trapezium rule is a good approximation and how it works.

FCF / EV might be the best approximation of EV / EBIT but is affected by the non-stationarity of WC movements.

It's not a true 1080p image, but its a much better approximation than say 720p upscaled (which looks blurry and shite by comparison).

I reckon this is a pretty good approximation of what the first batch of next - gen consoles will be capable of, but, if this gen is anything to go by, there will be a lot of optimization to happen.

Even seasoned Cunningham performers, who are usually critical of the approximations made by nonspecialists trying to tackle the rigors of Cunningham style, were deeply impressed by how well Mr. Baryshnikov exemplified its principles.

The online model itself is a line - by - line calculation and so is a very good approximation to reality.

It is a reflection of the fact that, viewed as a whole, to a very very good approximation the Earth can only gain energy from the sun and loss it by radiating it away into space.

The work is an estimate of the global average based on a single - column, time - average model of the atmosphere and surface (with some approximations — e.g. the surface is not truly a perfect blackbody in the LW (long - wave) portion of the spectrum (the wavelengths dominated by terrestrial / atmospheric emission, as opposed to SW radiation, dominated by solar radiation), but it can give you a pretty good idea of things (fig 1 shows a spectrum of radiation to space); there is also some comparison to actual measurements.

It is used for dust in the interstellar medium which has continuous opacity as a function of frequency but it is not really gray but rather has lower opacity at lower frequency, Thus a layer which is opaque in up welling emission may be transparent in down welling absorption so that the next layer out sees its own down welling emission canceled by emission from the opposite side in the approximation of complete transparency at the appropriate frequencies for the inner shells.

Actually, though, most of the OLR originates from below the tropopause (can get up around 18 km in the tropics, generally lower)-- with a majority of solar radiation absorbed at the surface, a crude approximation can be made that the area emitting to space is less than 2 * (20/6371) * 100 % ~ = 0.628 % more than the area heated by the sun, so the OLR per unit area should be well within about 0.6 % of the value calculated without the Earth's curvature (I'm guessing it would actually be closer to if not less than 0.3 % different).

Otherwise, an approximation can be made by using, in place of BTc0i and ΔBTc0, three corresponding values of upward / downward / net fluxes per unit area, two values for frequencies ν1 and ν2 on either side of the band near the centroids of the areas on the graph for the band - widening effect (works unless there are temporary saturations leaving positive and negative areas, in which case more different values for different frequencies would work better) to multiply by b * BW1 and b * BW2, respectively, to find the band - widenning effect, and one value for the peak frequency ν0, to multiply by something on the order of b * 1/2 * (BW1 + BW2) to find the band center contribution.

and in the approximation that other sources of optical thickness and the Planck function don't vary much over the width of the CO2 band so — or their combination of variations is such — that the baseline spectral flux for no CO2 as well as the value at any given optical thickness from CO2 is approximatly constant over wavlength — or else so that the baseline and other levels of spectral flux for a given additional optical thickness, or at least the differences among them, vary over the band is such that as the band widens, decreasing effect on one side is balanced by increasing effect on the other — but for now I'll just use the simplification of a constant baseline and additional optical thickness effect on spectral flux over the width of the band:

Not to mention that taking the biggest number and the smallest number and adding them together then dividing them by 2 should give a good approximation of the average of the total numbers.

Oh, and by the way Hagen, I am using Scafetta's ideas in the CSALT model and it works much better than his rather crude approximation.

Taking out the greenhouse gases, which in all logic seeing the effect just a small percentage of water vapour has on temps need not include any other, then we have Jelbring's experiment, a very good approximation, just by stepping into a desert.

One way to approach this would be for you to cite some assumed approximation you're dubious about and challenge it by saying it could well be off by 50 % or more.

Vaughan Pratt: One way to approach this would be for you to cite some assumed approximation you're dubious about and challenge it by saying it could well be off by 50 % or more.

The main point is that horizontal isothermy in the real world (e.g. in Hadley cell, where it is a very good approximation as admitted even by Dr. Held) is certainly not adiabatic.

And why do you believe the RSS data chosen by you represent the best approximation of the true trend?

The good news is (at least from the perspective of science) that the role of carbon dioxide in climate change is very well established — at the theoretical level in terms of quantum physics, at the experimental level in terms of the study of the absorbtion and re-emission of radiation by carbon dioxide, at the numerical level (when equations get a little too complicated — but a good approximation can result from intensive computation by means of our fairly advanced computers), in terms of historical trends going back more than 500,000 years — and countless studies.

Although in reality any climate - state dependence of individual forcings would make this assumption inaccurate, here all the iRF values have been calculated with a fixed 1850 climate state, before perturbation by any applied forcings, so I would expect linear additivity to be a good approximation.

The Earth - Moon doesn't orbit the Earth - Moon - Sun barycenter exactly but it is not orbiting the barycenter of the solar sysem either; to some approximation the innermost planets and the sun must wobble around the barycenter together as they are similarly affected by the outermost planets which happen to be more massive as well as more distant and thus dominate in their effects on the barycenter — things should tend to get more complicated when the planets involved are at more similar distances.

The longevity of a residual but significant % of a CO2 pulse released into the atmosphere has been described as lasting essentially «forever» by Archer (2005) The actual quote is «A better approximation of the lifetime of fossil fuel CO2 for public discussion might be «300 years, plus 25 % that lasts forever.

One degree per 100 ppm turns out to be a good approximation through the range expected by 2100.

Roughly 1 / 3rd of new calls in Ontario — most of whom attend law school in Ontario — identify as being members of a racialized group (an imperfect estimate, given the LSUC methodology, but probably a good first order approximation)-- by way of comparison 22 % of Ontarians are identified by stats can as being «visible minorities».

Fit indices used to evaluate the model included a χ2 goodness - of - fit test (nonsignificant values indicate good fits), the comparative fit index (scores of > 0.95 indicate better fits), the root mean square error of approximation (values of < 0.05 indicate good fits), and the standardized root mean square residual (values of < 0.08 indicate good fits).43, 44 Missing values were imputed through multiple imputation by using functions in the missing data library in S - Plus (Insightful Corp, Seattle, WA).45, 46 The combined data for the cross - lagged / survival model converged more quickly with 15 imputed data sets than did the model that used a likelihood - based approach to missing data.