These included characteristics on multiple levels of the child's biopsychosocial context: (1) child factors: race / ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian / Pacific Islander / Alaska Native), age, gender, 9 - month Bayley Mental and Motor scores, birth weight (normal, moderately low, or very low), parent - rated child
health (fair / poor vs good / very good / excellent), and hours per week in child care; (2) parent factors: maternal age, paternal age, SES (an ECLS - B — derived variable that includes maternal and paternal education, employment status, and income), maternal marital status (married, never married, separated / divorced / widowed), maternal general health (fair / poor versus good / very good / excellent), maternal depression (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at 9 months and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 2 years), prenatal use of tobacco and alcohol (any vs none), and violence against the mother; (3) household factors: single - parent household, number of siblings (0, 1, 2, or 3 +), language spoken at home (English vs non-English), neighborhood good for raising kids (excellent / very good, good, or fair / poor), household urbanicity (urban city, urban county, or rural), and modified Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment — Short Form (HOME - SF)
health (fair / poor vs
good / very
good / excellent), and hours per week in child care; (2) parent factors: maternal age, paternal age, SES (an ECLS - B — derived variable that includes maternal and paternal education, employment
status, and income), maternal marital
status (married, never married, separated / divorced / widowed), maternal
general health (fair / poor versus good / very good / excellent), maternal depression (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at 9 months and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 2 years), prenatal use of tobacco and alcohol (any vs none), and violence against the mother; (3) household factors: single - parent household, number of siblings (0, 1, 2, or 3 +), language spoken at home (English vs non-English), neighborhood good for raising kids (excellent / very good, good, or fair / poor), household urbanicity (urban city, urban county, or rural), and modified Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment — Short Form (HOME - SF)
health (fair / poor versus
good / very
good / excellent), maternal depression (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at 9 months and the World Mental
Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 2 years), prenatal use of tobacco and alcohol (any vs none), and violence against the mother; (3) household factors: single - parent household, number of siblings (0, 1, 2, or 3 +), language spoken at home (English vs non-English), neighborhood good for raising kids (excellent / very good, good, or fair / poor), household urbanicity (urban city, urban county, or rural), and modified Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment — Short Form (HOME - SF)
Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 2 years), prenatal use of tobacco and alcohol (any vs none), and violence against the mother; (3) household factors: single - parent household, number of siblings (0, 1, 2, or 3 +), language spoken at home (English vs non-English), neighborhood
good for raising kids (excellent / very
good,
good, or fair / poor), household urbanicity (urban city, urban county, or rural), and modified Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment — Short Form (HOME - SF) score.
Participants provided sociodemographic data (age, sex, marital
status), work grade (consultant, higher / basic specialist trainee), specialty and work hours and completed
well - being questionnaires (the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, WHO Well - being Index, General Health Questionnaire) and single - item scales on self - rated health and self - sti
well - being questionnaires (the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, WHO
Well - being Index, General Health Questionnaire) and single - item scales on self - rated health and self - sti
Well - being Index,
General Health Questionnaire) and single - item scales on self - rated health and self - s
Health Questionnaire) and single - item scales on self - rated
health and self - s
health and self - stigma.