(C) Percent of total CD8 T cells specific for gp33 or NP396 determined by IFN - γ production following in vitro peptide stimulation with the respective peptide in
gp33 immunized and control mice on day 7 postinfection (CD90 +, CD8 +, CD44 +, IFN - γ +)(n = 4).
Not exact matches
(A) Prior to infection, total IFN - γ — producing
gp33 - specific CD8 T cells per spleen (CD90, CD8, CD44, IFN - γ) as represented by IFN - γ production in response to
gp33 peptide restimulation in
immunized and control mice (n = 3).
Prf1 − / − mice were
immunized with
gp33, NP396, or control DCs, rested for 30 d and either sacrificed prior to infection or infected with LCMV.
As previously reported, IFN - γ blockade led to significant improvement in survival in unimmunized mice, but surprisingly in
gp33 -
immunized mice, IFN - γ — blocked mice continued to have significant mortality, with an average survival of 15 d postinfection, similar to control mice without IFN - γ blockade (Fig. 3A).
To determine if ST2 blockade would ameliorate disease in immunization - enhanced HLH, we treated LCMV - infected,
gp33 -
immunized Prf1 − / − mice with ST2 blocking Ab.
Immunization with
gp33 - loaded DCs led to the development of significant numbers of CD8 + T cells capable of making rapid IFN - γ responses to
gp33 restimulation, consistent with a memory response, which was absent in control
immunized mice (Fig. 1A).
In
gp33 -
immunized mice,
gp33 - specific CD8 T cells represented almost 45 % of total CD8 + T cells compared with approximately 8 % in naive mice (Fig. 2C, Supplemental Fig. 1B).
To test this hypothesis, TNF - α and IFN - γ were blocked in
gp33 -
immunized mice to determine whether dual blockade would enhance survival in
immunized mice.
(B) Survival of
gp33 and NP396 CD8 T cell —
immunized mice with LCMV infection following 30 d rest period compared with control mice.
(C) Percent body mass weight loss of
gp33 -
immunized Prf1 − / − mice versus control.
Serum TNF - α was not significantly altered in the serum on day 7 postinfection in LCMV - infected
gp33 -
immunized IFN - γ — blocked mice (Fig. 4A).
Consistent with our hypothesis, TNF - α and IFN - γ dual blockade led to a significant improvement in survival of LCMV - infected
gp33 -
immunized mice, equaling the survival of naive mice treated with IFN - γ blockade alone (Fig. 4E).
For
gp33 -
immunized mice, average survival after LCMV infection decreased from 14 d in control mice to 9 d in
immunized mice (Fig. 1B).
(C) Survival of
gp33 -
immunized mice with LCMV infection following 30 d rest period compared with control mice with ST2 blockade or isotype control Ab treatment.
Also consistent with increased disease severity,
gp33 -
immunized mice had an elevation of serum markers of HLH, including significantly elevated ferritin and a trend toward elevated sCD25 / IL -2 Ra (Fig. 1F).
Similarly, IFN - γ blockade did not affect the expansion of
gp33 - specific IFN - γ + CD8 T cells (Fig. 4B) or
gp33 - specific TNF - α + CD8 T cells (Fig. 4C), although
immunized mice continued to have an increased percentage of cytokine - producing cells within the total CD8 T cell compartment.
The total number of TNF - α — producing
gp33 - specific CD8 T cells in
immunized mice was increased by ∼ 4-fold, a difference that remained with IFN - γ blockade (Fig. 4D).
In infected mice, absolute numbers of splenic
gp33 - specific CD8 T cells in
immunized mice were increased 6-fold compared with control mice as shown by IFN - γ production with peptide stimulation (Fig. 2B).
We first examined differences between B6 Prf1 − / − HLH responses in naive mice and mice
immunized against the CD8 LCMV epitopes
gp33 and NP396 using a well - characterized DC immunization protocol (15).
Prf1 − / − mice were
immunized against
gp33 or with control procedure, rested for 30 d, infected with LCMV, and treated with either IFN - γ blockade or isotype control beginning day 2 postinfection, and every 3 d thereafter.
(B)
gp33 -
immunized and control mice were treated with IFN - γ blockade or isotype control Ab treatment.
Prf1 − / − mice were
immunized against
gp33 or control, rested for 30 d, and infected with LCMV.