This article briefly summarizes some of the latest research on
grade school configuration, specifically the benefits of K - 8 configurations versus middle school configurations.
This article briefly summarizes some of the latest research on
grade school configuration, specifically the benefits of K - 8 configurations versus middle school...
Not exact matches
Capacity: The new two - story facility, with a capacity of 1,600 students (an increase of 400 from the former campus), allows for the standard middle
school configuration of
Grades 6 - 8 on one campus... which provides sixth - graders with greater opportunity for academic rigor, fine arts and career electives and athletic and extra-curricular activities, as well as 30 additional minutes of instructional time each day, compared to an elementary schedule.
In New York City, the Executive Budget also requires that a charter's entire planned
grade configuration — elementary, middle or high
school — be located within a single building including
grade levels not yet in operation at the time of opening.
«Today there are 186 elementary
schools, 58 middle
schools, 55 high
schools, and another 30
schools with different
grade configurations.
In Florida,
grade configuration is not a primary driver of the estimated positive effects of charter high
schools on attainment.
Because the studies use data from a single
school year to contrast students in middle
schools and K — 8
schools, most of the available research can not reject the possibility that differences between the groups of students, rather than in the
grade configuration of their
schools, are actually responsible for the differences in behavior and achievement.
What was so odd about Dennis Walcott's announcement that New York City was opening 50 new middle
schools is that the most recent research suggesting that a middle
school grade configuration (generally, 6 — 8) is probably not the way to go was done in his city.
In Chicago, however, we could not run similar analyses because
grade configuration is too strongly correlated with charter status; we therefore can not rule out the possibility that positive results in Chicago could be partly attributable to eliminating the transition from middle
school to high
school.
In last year's fall issue of Education Next Columbia Business
School researchers Jonah Rockoff and Benjamin Lockwood reported their findings from a review of almost ten years of data for Gotham school children who were in grades 3 though 8, in all different school grade configurations, and concluded rather omin
School researchers Jonah Rockoff and Benjamin Lockwood reported their findings from a review of almost ten years of data for Gotham
school children who were in grades 3 though 8, in all different school grade configurations, and concluded rather omin
school children who were in
grades 3 though 8, in all different
school grade configurations, and concluded rather omin
school grade configurations, and concluded rather ominously:
Could something as simple as changing the
grade configuration of
schools improve academic outcomes?
Perrotti makes the comparison that, years ago, when we first started talking about different
configurations of families or students, educators often worried about how to talk to young kids «about sex» when those kinds of discussions in
schools didn't happen until at least fifth
grade.
The researchers also conducted a test - score analysis separately for
schools in Miami - Dade County, which is Florida's largest district (345,000 students) and offers a wide range of
grade configurations up through
grade 8.
G Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Geography, Teaching Gifted Education Grade
Configurations Grading Grants Green Cleaning Green
Schools
Her
school recently changed from a K - 6
grade configuration to K - 8.
The study's findings support these
school conversions and «are also relevant to the expanding charter
school sector, which has the opportunity to choose
grade configurations» when
schools are established.
We use a
school - level measure that has been standardized across the sample of
schools included in our analysis, taking into account the various
grade configurations in different
schools.
National Center for Education Statistics 2005 data reveal that 6th, 7th, and / or 8th graders are found in
schools with at least 60 different
grade configurations.
It's also worth noting that the EdSource study («Gaining Ground in the Middle
Grades: Why Some
Schools Do Better,» 2010) cited in «The Middle
School Mess,» did not find
grade configuration to be a factor in student performance.
That statistic alone challenges the use of
grade configuration as the defining factor for the straw man middle
school.
In my research I have identified 34 different examples of charter
school innovation, including small size; untenured teachers; contracts with parents; real parent and teacher involvement in
school governance; outcome -(rather than input --RRB- based accreditation; service learning fully integrated into the curricula; unusual
grade configurations; split sessions and extended
school days and years to accommodate working students; and computer - assisted instruction for at - risk and other frequently absent students.
And because some Florida students attend
schools with
grade six through 12 or seven through 12
configurations, he was able to compare the effect of entering a middle
school in
grade six or seven to that of entering high
school in
grade nine.
While some earlier studies questioned the role of
grade configuration in school success and student achievement, including the 2008 National Forum «Policy Statement on Grade Configuration» and a 2010 study by EdSource, «Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better» in California, «the evidence on academic benefits has become much stronger in the past two years,&raqu
configuration in
school success and student achievement, including the 2008 National Forum «Policy Statement on
Grade Configuration» and a 2010 study by EdSource, «Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better» in California, «the evidence on academic benefits has become much stronger in the past two years,&raqu
Configuration» and a 2010 study by EdSource, «Gaining Ground in the Middle
Grades: Why Some
Schools Do Better» in California, «the evidence on academic benefits has become much stronger in the past two years,» West says.
This suggests that it may be harder to create an effective middle
school than an effective K — 8
school, and that part of the challenge is simply that middle
school grade configurations require an additional
school transition.»
«If you look at international comparisons, kids in the United States perform better at elementary
school than the later
grades... so it made sense to look at whether
grade configuration influenced this.»
But a few years ago, when her
school district transitioned from a junior high to a grades 6 to 8 middle school configuration, she decided to use the book on her sixth graders» first day at their new Walnut Middle School.&
school district transitioned from a junior high to a
grades 6 to 8 middle
school configuration, she decided to use the book on her sixth graders» first day at their new Walnut Middle School.&
school configuration, she decided to use the book on her sixth graders» first day at their new Walnut Middle
School.&
School.»
«I'm generally sympathetic with this argument, especially to the extent that it points to a set of practices that middle
schools could adopt to address their performance problems given that wholesale changes to
grade configuration are unlikely to occur overnight,» he says.
Where a
school registered pursuant to this paragraph is in a district in which one or more
schools have been designated as a
school in improvement, corrective action or restructuring, the commissioner shall determine the accountability status of the newly registered
school based upon his review of the proposed educational program, including but not limited to such factors as:
school mission,
school administration and staff,
grade configurations and groupings of students, zoning patterns, curricula and instruction and facilities.
The key assumption of our methodology is that there are no unobserved differences between students who in 3rd
grade attended
schools that had these different
grade configurations that affect achievement precisely in the year when students enter middle
school.
We conduct an analogous analysis of high -
school entry, taking advantage of the different
grade configurations of the
schools students attended in 6th
grade.
We also find that the transition to high
school causes a small drop in student achievement for all students who make this transition (as distinct from those in
schools with 6 — 12
grade configurations).
In other words, we are assuming that the negative effect of a transition is not anticipated by parents and reflected in the choice of a
school with a particular
grade configuration in
grade 3.
In recognition of the association noted above — that suspension rates differ by the
grade configuration of
schools — performance levels are different for elementary, middle, and high
schools.
Perhaps the most telling research about the impact of middle -
school grade configuration is a recent study of New York City middle
schools by Jonah Rockoff and Benjamin Lockwood (see «Stuck in the Middle,» Education Next, Fall 2010).
They are also relevant to the expanding charter -
school sector, which has the opportunity to choose
grade configurations without the disruption caused by
school closures.
«Is there a «best»
grade configuration for
schools that serve early adolescents?»
Parents and educators have begun abandoning the middle
school for K — 8
configurations, and new research suggests that
grade configuration does matter: when this age group is gathered by the hundreds and educated separately, both behavior and learning suffer.
Investigating the transition to high
school, we find that students moving to a new high
school between
grades 8 and 9 suffer a small drop in achievement of 0.03 standard deviations in math and 0.04 standard deviations in reading (relative to those in
grade 6 — 12
schools or
schools with another
configuration that requires no transition at this point).
In addition, we also control for whether the individual student had been retained in a
grade, whether the student had ever been retained, and whether the student attends a charter
school (which in Florida are more likely than traditional public
schools to have K — 8
configurations).
Perhaps the most telling research about the impact of middle -
school grade configuration is a recent study of New York City middle
schools by Jonah Rockoff and Benjamin Lockwood (see «Stuck in the Middle,» research, Fall 2010).
The Columbia Business
School researchers studied the impacts of
grade configuration on learning and concluded that «middle
schools are not the best way to educate students» in districts like New York City.
The results suggest that the negative effects of entering a middle
school are most pronounced in cities, but they remain sizable even in rural areas, confirming that the negative effects of
configurations that separate the middle -
school grades are by no means limited to urban
school districts.
This suggests a final potential interpretation of our results that is directly related to the choice of
grade configuration: students may benefit from being among the oldest students in a
school setting that includes very young students, perhaps because they have greater opportunity to take on leadership roles.
The trends suggest that
grade configuration matters to at least some parents and educators, who decided some time ago that separately configured
schools for preadolescents are not the best way to go.
Superintendent Tommy Chang presented a plan to the Boston
School Committee that would eliminate middle
schools and change the
grade configuration of other
schools in Boston so that students only have to change
schools once during their education, James Vaznis reports in the Boston Globe.
Researchers have questioned the merits of isolating middle
school students in their own
grade configuration for years.
Before joining the Deputy Mayor's Office, she worked at District of Columbia Public
Schools as Chief of Staff to the Chief Operating Officer during which she supported the agency's portfolio planning activities, including
school closures,
grade configuration changes, and enrollment projections.
Table 3 - 2 exhibits the
grade configuration of
schools.
Each WSI participating
school was matched to a similar
school on size,
grade configuration, Title I designation, as well as proportions based on gender, race / ethnicity, and students participating in the free / reduced price lunch program.
The district includes 202
schools: 113 elementary, 23 middle, 27 high, 10 alternative, 25 charters, 25 child development centers, and 4 atypical (
grade configurations)
schools.