Sentences with phrase «gradient within»

In effect the evaporation sucks energy from the oceans against the thermal gradient within the ocean bulk and despite the warming of the topmost molecules caused by infra red radiation and then expels it to the air in the form of latent heat carried by water vapour.

Investigation of SMOS Sea Ice Thickness Retrieval with respect to the Ice Temperature Gradient within an Ice Layer

One effect among many is to reduce the temperature gradient within the skin layer of the ocean and hence reduce the rate of cooling of the upper mixed layer (the first few meters of which are warmed by the Sun) to the atmosphere and also, radiatively, through the atmospheric infrared window, directly to space.

What I haven't figured out is by what proportion the number of states exhibiting a gradient within a suitably small neighborhood centered on the one implied by Velasco et al.'s Equation 8 exceeds the number that exhibit a gradient within an equally small neighborhood centered on zero.

«Our study is the first to point out that the lack of a latitudinal temperature gradient within the tropics has a serious consequence for small - ranged tropical species: many would have to shift thousands of kilometres north or south to maintain their current climatic regime in a warming climate.»

But according to the article on geothermal gradient, «the geothermal gradient within the bulk of Earth's mantle is of the order of 0.5 kelvin per kilometer,».

Secondary heat sources are typically used to provide elevated basking temps, high daytime temps and, most importantly, a thermal gradient within the habitat ranging from cool to hot.

The flash - freezing procedure establishes a vertical temperature gradient within the glass bottle.

His current roles associated with EMSL include principal investigator for development of fluorescent sensing «optodes» to measure oxygen concentrations and gradients within micromodels; contributing investigator for sensing and surface modification to support the PNNL Carbon Sequestration Initiative; and mentor for several staff scientists.

Combustion noise is also minimized because a dual ignition system keeps pressure gradients within the chambers at low levels, and the presence of both turbochargers inherently dampens intake and exhaust noise.

Indeed, following this surprisingly rich and varied show is a tiny room showing sequences in colour, which by comparison look unruly and untamable, with seemingly infinite number of combinations of tonal gradients within the colour spectrum.

A world of difference in mood can be made by the combination of gradients within this single spectrum between black and white, and Albers» experiments in materials through which to propel black and its tonality sharpen our attentiveness to the close details of their physical qualities.

Not exact matches

It creates a gradient of detergent within a material's pores that draws dirt particles up and out of the...

«Then you may be able to create a battery which continuously recharges itself, because these ionic gradients are constantly being re-established within the body.»

In the future, the research team hopes their results will help develop power sources for implantable devices that can «utilize the [ion] gradients that already exist within the human body,» Guha said.

«The glucose gradient increases from within blood vessels into the brain, and that carries our particles toward the [blood — brain barrier],» he says, «and this gradient is much steeper around brain tumors.»

While the study was limited to 26 lions in a single geographical area, the study area was unique among mountain lion studies in that the authors were able to track mountain lions along a gradient of human presence that included relatively remote areas of the Santa Monica Mountains and also areas within the second largest metropolitan area of the United States.

The team behind the technology used a natural electrochemical gradient in cells within the inner ear of a guinea pig to power a wireless transmitter for up to five hours.

In many of these applications, she says, there can be an internal voltage gradient created within the thin - film material, and this «electric potential» gradient causes strong electric fields.

They show that a gradient of Wnt3 along the medial - lateral axis within the developing brain is the opposing regulating force — working along with ephrinB1 to specify the topographic target selection in the optic tectum, a brain region that processes information from the eye.

Sperry suggested that chemical signals, probably present in concentration gradients, serve as positional landmarks within the brain.

Plasmonic gratings of rectangular groove profile with gradient in the groove width perform as unique SERS substrates by simultaneously confining multiple laser wavelengths within the visible and near - infrared regime inside their rectangular nanotrenches.

The Chips are cultured under continuous flow within engineered 3D microenvironments that go beyond conventional 3D in vitro models by recapitulating in vivo intercellular interactions, spatiotemporal gradients, vascular perfusion, and mechanical forces — all key drivers of cell architecture, differentiated function, and gene expression.

We use this sample to limit any azimuthal variations in the median metallicity within the ~ 45 degree - wide azimuthal region covered by the current sample to be < = 0.02 dex, which is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the radial metallicity gradient.

The rate of flow of heat out of the ocean is determined by the temperature gradient in the «cool skin layer», which resides within the thin viscous surface layer of ocean that is in contact with the atmosphere.

The present study shows that such a gradient is also seen at the level of single cell analysis, but reveals that there is considerable cell - to - cell variation within this gradient in the expression of pluripotency genes.

The main areas covered in this work booklet are: Measuring rate of reaction Factors effecting rate of reaction Calculating rate of reaction Drawing graphs Calculating gradients Catalyst Reversible reactions Le Chatelier's principle The Haber process Within the booklet are a range of different activities for students to work through to help them remember the content.

Although family disadvantage is strongly correlated with school and neighborhood quality, the SES gradient in the sibling gender gap is almost as large within schools and neighborhoods as between them.

DSR is activated by a control button in the centre console, and assists the driver on demanding downhill stretches by maintaining a slow, manually selected vehicle speed within the physical limits when negotiating downhill gradients.

As blood glucose levels increase, glucose also increases within the aqueous humor, glucose readily diffuses across the lens capsule, an aldose reductase pathway converts glucose to sorbitol, sorbitol accumulates within the lens as it can not diffuse through lens cell membranes, the osmotic gradient increases, water enters the lens and irreversibly changes the lens structure via lens fiber swelling and rupture, vacuole formation, and clinically evident cataract.

Within these years, Boyd worked rigorously on a series of square canvases that explored space and light through the use of hard edges and contrasting gradients.

There is a push and pull between the large arrangements and the small, subtle experiences of the textures, colors, and gradients found within.

Traces of Ochmanek's process can also be perceived in the works» gentle gradient shifts, or in the sudden disruption of color within a panel, where the liquid from one pour has obviously obscured the previous pour, producing what looks like a water stain.

Returning to the Photoshop gradient tool to generate images with only one click of a mouse, Arcangel offers the instructions within the title of each work, as if inviting the viewer to repeat the simple process, yet then reproduces each work through less accessible means — chromogenic prints.

The Aluminum Gradient Chair is engineered on a cellular level to address specific functional needs for different areas within the piece.

Continuing his experimentation within his Photoshop Gradient series, Cory Arcangel will contribute a new piece in grayscale.

The colors are mapped according to the gradient's dimensions, assigning each color a unique coordinate within the physicality of the architecture.

Accordingly, as the optical depth is cranked up, a temperature gradient will be established within the atmospheric layer as the layer bottom temperature Tb becomes hotter than the layer mean temperature, and the layer top temperature Tt becomes colder than the layer mean.

Given a homogenous spectrally grey slab sitting on a hotplate of fixed temperature, what will be the equilibrium temperature gradient that is established within the homogenous slab?

Thus, the temperature gradient that is established within the layer will indeed be close to isothermal.

The whole point of conciousness evolving is to find the optimum conditions for life at maximum controllable thermodynamic gradients and exist within them.

That makes some intuitive sense to me (as allowed by optical thickness, photons moving out of a region in proportion to concentration; constant photon concentration gradient can be sustained with constant T ^ 4 gradient, etc.), though then I have to correct something I said earlier — within the region where T ^ 4 varies linearly (over optical distance), the radiation will be anisotropic.

The lapse rate can be derived from theory for any atmosphere that is the hydrostatically stable condition with maximum vertical temperature gradient, but it is also well - known within meteorology.

Transport of momentum (linear and angular) within the atmosphere and ocean would be balanced by transfer via pressure gradient and coriolis and viscous forces and by gains or losses at interfaces with each other and the solid Earth.

Moreover, the atmospheric temperature gradient is mitigated by the absorption of solar radiation within the atmosphere (also latent heat deposition), thus a more moderate temperature gradient is established within the ral atmosphere.

It is the complete absence of any gradients in all possible driving potentials, both within all sub-systems and between sub-systems.

But there would still be gradients, convection and conduction within the GHG free atmosphere because without it the whole atmosphere would be fast at 0K as it radiates to the empty space while the ground is at whatever equilibrium temperature it should be.

Air within high - pressure systems rotates in a direction such that the Coriolis force is directed radially inwards, and nearly balanced by the outwardly radial pressure gradient.

So, when a density gradient forms in a gravitational field that is an example of the Second Law in operation, and when a lake levels out again after rain falls on a small section of it, that also is the Second Law operating as entropy approaches the maximum level that is accessible within the constraints of the system.

In any case, are you denying that for a gas in thermodynamic equilibrium, within a tall adiabatic enclosure, within a vertical gravitational field, there is a pressure gradient but no temperature gradient?