Sentences with phrase «granting receiving proxy»
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That a greater share of middle - income students now receive Pell Grants is only part of the Pell proxy's middle - income problem.
Most studies using the Pell proxy, however, are focused on four - year institutions, and limiting the analysis to this group of students shows that the share of low - income students who received a Pell Grant is still surprisingly low (73.2 percent).
In summary, the share of students who received a Pell Grant is a widely used proxy for low - income students because grants are awarded mainly to those students; data on how many students at each institution of higher education receive a Pell Grant is readily available; and finally, data on student incomes at each institution of higher education has only recently become available and does not cover all students at each institution.
In addition to higher application rates, those who use the Pell proxy should be aware of another trend that has contributed to more students receiving Pell Grants.
Many middle - income students now receive Pell Grants, meaning the Pell proxy is capturing students who are not low - income.
The main justification for the Pell proxy is that most students who receive Pell Grants are low - income.
These trends may have affected the makeup of Pell Grant recipients and the share of students of students who receive Pell Grants differently at each institution, further reducing reliability of the Pell proxy to make cross-institutional comparisons.
These results stand in contrast to the implicit assumption in the Pell proxy that nearly all low - income students receive Pell Grants.
So far the discussion has focused on the share of students who did not receive a Pell Grant in 2011 - 12, which has implications for the Pell proxy because it suggests the proxy is undercounting low - income students.
Those who use the Pell proxy rarely note, however, that far fewer than 100 percent of low - income students receive Pell Grants, even at four - year institutions.