This can be done in several methods - for example using
graphene ribbons.
Abstract: A team including physicists from the University of Basel has succeeded in using atomic force microscopy to clearly obtain images of individual impurity atoms in
graphene ribbons.
Measuring the strength of the atoms Scientists from the team led by Professor Ernst Meyer from the Swiss Nanoscience Institute and the University of Basel's Department of Physics examined
these graphene ribbons using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Targeted incorporation In a collaboration between scientists from the University of Basel and the National Institute for Material Science in Tsukuba in Japan, Kanazawa University and Kwansei Gakuin University in Japan, and Aalto University in Finland, the researchers specifically created and examined
graphene ribbons containing impurity atoms.
A team including physicists from the University of Basel has succeeded in using atomic force microscopy to clearly obtain images of individual impurity atoms in
graphene ribbons.
It is possible to move
graphene ribbons with a length of 5 to 50 nanometers using extremely small forces (2 to 200 piconewtons).
Researchers have made
graphene ribbons before, but never as easily — previously the ribbons were cut from larger graphene sheets, which offered little control over their size and shape.
IMAGE: Using the atomic force microscope's carbon monoxide functionalized tip (red / silver), the forces between the tip and the various atoms in
the graphene ribbon can be measured.
Not exact matches
In addition, a magnetic field near a two - dimensional
ribbon of carbon — called a
graphene nanoribbon — affects the current flowing through the
ribbon.
However, for
graphene to have the necessary semiconducting properties, it must be cut into
ribbons less than 10 nanometers wide.
Like silicon,
graphene is a semiconductor, but the nano - sized
ribbons could be used to pack much more processing power on every computer chip.
Several research groups have found ways to «unzip» carbon nanotubes to produce atom - thick
ribbons of
graphene.
In another approach, Kim's group, working with IBM researchers, sliced
graphene into 10 - nanometer - wide
ribbons, team member Jarillo - Herrero reported at the March meeting of the American Physical Society.
The researchers also made a claw shape by sticking together eight 5 - by - 1 millimeter
ribbons of flash - treated
graphene oxide in a star shape.
Cross thinks that if he can control the way the
ribbons form and stack, he might be able to use them as transistors (electrical switches), capacitors (devices that store electrical charge) or connections between electrically conductive
graphene sheets.
But to reach that more stable state, a
ribbon must tear other strong carbon — carbon bonds inside
graphene as it peels away — an energetic barrier to movement.
Miniscule
ribbons of
graphene are highly sought - after building blocks for semiconductor devices because of their predicted electronic properties.
But this method only worked well to make
ribbons that had two or more
graphene layers.
One way of introducing a bandgap into
graphene is to make extremely narrow
ribbons of the material.