The aim of the new study, then, was to combine ecological and economic models into one, to get a better sense of the potential costs and benefits of
grasses as biofuels.
Not exact matches
The studies do find some benefit from
biofuels but only when planted on agricultural land too dry or degraded for food production or significant tree or plant growth and only when derived from native plants, such
as a mix of prairie
grasses in the U.S. Midwest.
But even better would be
biofuels that use cheap, widespread plant matter such
as leaves and
grasses rather than food crops.
But
biofuels that use cheap, widespread plant matter such
as leaves and
grasses would be even more attractive than food crops.
A recent study from the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and published in Environmental Research Letters looks at how efficiently «second generation»
biofuel crops — perennial, non-food crops such
as switchgrass or native
grasses — use rainwater and how these crops affect overall water balance.
In contrast, the
grasses and other flowers and plants that grow naturally when such lands are left fallow — species such
as goldenrod, frost aster, and couch
grass, among others — can deliver roughly the same amount of
biofuel energy per hectare per year if fertilized, yet also reducing CO2 by more than twice
as much
as corn.
Biofuel brewers would prefer to convert either agricultural waste or other nonfood plants, such
as trees and
grasses, to fuels.
In recent work, Brian Fox and colleagues at the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center at the University of Wisconsin - Madison characterized glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that digest cellulose and can be used to turn plants such
as switch
grass into
biofuels.
For example, people in the surrounding countries use much wood,
grass and agricultural wastes to cook with, which the team categorized
as biofuel.
the chart fails to show that soy from brazil, the stuff served in that meatless urban restraunt menu, has many times the embodied energy of eating local
grass fed beef, that the corn suggested
as least energy consuming is only so due to vast scales of industrial monocroping that wipes out diversity and local edible foods habitat (and is used largely for pig and cow fodder if not
biofuels, and so lays waste to half the midwest), that milk from a pastured cow or goat, or eggs from pastured chickens, are gaining thier energy from sources no human could eat.
We identified
as most promising measures: the promotion of organic inputs on arable land instead of grassland, the introduction of perennials (
grasses, trees) on arable set - aside land for conservation or
biofuel purposes, to promote organic farming, to raise the water table in farmed peatland, and — with restrictions — zero tillage or conservation tillage.
Andrew Leakey is part of a five - year, $ 12 million study of
grasses useful for
biofuels that can grow with
as little land, fertilizer, and water
as possible.
In the second part of his series, he explores how
biofuels made from perennial
grasses can store carbon in the soil to actually have a negative greenhouse gas impact, and even points to the possibility of creating charcoal
as a biproduct of
biofuel production and then burying it in the ground: