The great sheets of ice that reflected away sunlight could persist only if they rested on land, not ocean.
Not exact matches
Using a cookie dough scoop or an
ice cream scoop
of medium size, scoop the cookies onto the prepared tray, 6 per
sheet (I baked a
greater number per
sheet for the party because I was trying to bake such a large number).
They popped right out
of the pan, which was
great because I used it for an
ice cream cake (one
sheet pan was perfect for three layers
of cake and two layers
of ice cream).
But, rapid change in the behavior
of parts
of the Antarctic
ice sheet might cause much
greater rise than is often included in coastal planning.
Much
of the world's water is stored in glaciers and the
great polar
ice sheets.
The properties
of the climate system include not just familiar concepts
of averages
of temperature, precipitation, and so on but also the state
of the ocean and the cryosphere (sea
ice, the
great ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, glaciers, snow, frozen ground, and
ice on lakes and rivers).
If the
great ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica lose enough
ice to raise sea level a metre or more, though, it would take thousands
of years for snowfall to build up the
ice sheets again.
In August 2015, University
of Delaware oceanographer Andreas Muenchow and colleagues deployed the first UD ocean sensors underneath Petermann Glacier in North Greenland, which connects the
great Greenland
ice sheet directly with the ocean.
Abundant liquid water newly discovered underneath the world's
great ice sheets could intensify the destabilizing effects
of global warming on the
sheets.
«That may not sound like a lot, but consider the volume
of ice now locked up in the planet's three
greatest ice sheets,» she writes in a recent issue
of Scientific American.
Should Antarctica's
ice sheets dissolve, sea levels would rise dramatically — enough to flood the world's
great coastal megalopolises from New York to Shanghai and push millions
of people inland.
the south - bound expedition had cleared that vast plain
of floating
ice which flows down from the
great mountains
of the interior and covers the southern part
of Ross Sea throughout an area above 20,000 square miles with an
ice sheet approximately 800 feet in thickness, and had begun to climb the heights which form the mountainous embayment at the head
of Ross Sea.
The study fuels a growing concern among scientists about the factors affecting the Antarctic
ice sheet — namely, that warm ocean waters are helping to melt glaciers and drive
greater levels
of ice loss, particularly in West Antarctica.
Roughly 20,000 years ago the
great ice sheets that buried much
of Asia, Europe and North America stopped their creeping advance.
Sunlight tends to bounce off the white, reflective surfaces
of glaciers and
ice sheets, but the darker surfaces
of dirty ground
ice can absorb
greater amounts
of solar radiation.
Another thing that
ice core showed, as others have before, is that the
great swing in temperature between glacial and interglacial periods was invariably accompanied by
great swings in the amount
of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere: When the greenhouse goes up, the
ice sheets go down.
Twelve thousand years ago, the
great ice sheets retreated at the beginning
of the latest interglacial — the Flandrian — allowing humans to return to northern latitudes.
«Warming
greater than 2 degrees Celsius above 19th - century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread loss
of biodiversity and — if sustained over centuries — melting much
of the Greenland
ice sheet with ensuing rise in sea levels
of several meters,» the AGU declares in its first statement in four years on «Human Impacts on Climate.»
Were the
ice present in the form
of a solid
sheet or chunks, the dips in the numbers
of epithermal neutrons would be much
greater.
The
great ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica, which rise to over 13,000 feet above sea level, accumulate
ice over most
of their surfaces and melt only at their lower elevations near the edges.
«The influence
of rising oceans is even
greater than the overall amount
of sea level rise because
of storm surge, erosion and inundation,» said Carlson, who studies the interaction
of ice sheets, oceans and the climate system on centennial time scales.
From 2001 to 2010, the amount
of water added to the
ice sheet each year was 15 centimeters (6 inches)
greater than it was before 1900, according to the study's authors.
The IPCC also predicts
greater sea - level rise than it did in 2007, as it now includes models
of ice -
sheet movements.
The Bell et al paper in Science Express this week (final version in Science) reporting on the surprising results from airborne ground - penetrating radar studies
of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet is a
great example.
The IPCC is predicting
greater sea level rise than it did in 2007, as it now includes models
of ice sheet movements.
If their conclusions are right, then the
greatest ice sheets of the past were remarkably vulnerable, melting away when there was just a glimmer
of extra sunlight.
What is alarming is that the volume
of water and the extent and rapidity
of its movement is suprisingly much
greater than previously believed, and that a possible, perhaps likely, effect
of this on
ice sheet dynamics is to make the
ice sheets less stable and more likely to respond more quickly to global warming than previously expected.
Again, Monckton must surely know full well that for the last 25 - 30 years satellite temperature measurement
of sea and land surface have replaced terrestrial temperature station measurements in many cases since these give a much
greater coverage (70 %
of the surface
of the Earth is water... it's difficult to put weather stations on top
of ice sheets etc.!)
For example, there appears to be a
greater rate
of ice sheet thinning in parts
of West Antarctica and Greenland than was known about in 2001.
In a study out
of the University
of Arizona, researchers found that melting
ice sheets had a
greater impact on sea level rise than the thermal expansion
of the oceans during the previous interglacial period 125,000 years ago.
Wind fields are capable
of great volatility and very rapid global - scale teleconnections, and they are efficient generators
of oceanic circulation changes and (more speculatively)
of multiple states relative to
great ice sheets.
[SLIDE 17] And so not surprisingly sea level is rising as a result not only
of the loss
of mountain glaciers and the
great land
ice sheets — losses from the
great land
ice sheets; but also thermal expansion
of sea water because the ocean is getting warmer.
The base
of the
ice sheet is buried beneath kilometres
of ice, so measuring it in
great detail is almost impossible.
The weight
of the
ice sheets was so
great that they deformed the earth's crust and mantle.
Unlike the
great ice sheet of Antarctica, the Greenland
ice sheet is melting both on its surface and also at outlet glaciers that drain the
ice sheet's mass through deep fjords, where these glaciers extend out into the ocean and often terminate in dynamic calving fronts, giving up gigaton - sized icebergs at times.
Here's a
great trick — use an
ice cream scoop to scoop your dough onto the baking
sheet, then gently flatten the top
of each biscuit.
Groove marks scoured in bedrock by this
ice sheet now hold one fifth
of the entire planets fresh lake water in the
Great Lakes
of the northeastern United States.
... Polar amplification explains in part why Greenland
Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet appear to be highly sensitive to relatively small increases in CO2 concentration and global mean temperature... Polar amplification occurs if the magnitude
of zonally averaged surface temperature change at high latitudes exceeds the globally averaged temperature change, in response to climate forcings and on time scales
greater than the annual cycle.
- The melting days anomaly is
greater on the West
of the
Ice Sheet.
He gained widest fame for his warning, derived from studies
of past climate fluctuations, that
great flows
of fresh water from melting
ice sheets could disrupt Atlantic Ocean currents and cause regional cooling (such an idea was caricatured in the Hollywood disaster film «The Day After Tomorrow «-RRB-.
Also mentioned in the NASA release is the work
of Kaitlin Keegan, a doctoral student at Dartmouth College whose focus is «firn,» the newly deposited layers
of snow cloaking the two - mile - thick
ice sheet that will, over time, become the next dense layers in the
great frozen mass.
What a
great overview
of the
ice sheet grounding science, I am not sure I understand some basics, I hope you will permit a few questions from a non-scientist:
There are continuing major questions about the future
of the
great ice sheets of Greenland and West Antarctica; the thawing
of vast deposits
of frozen methane; changes in the circulation patterns
of the North Atlantic; the potential for runaway warming; and the impacts
of ocean carbonization and acidification.
We might have a saviour in the form
of the growing antarctic
ice sheets in the southern winter as this causes much more planckton to form on the undersurface
of the forming
ice sheet driving super saturated salty waters deep into the circum polar antarctic bottom waters which is the main driver
of the
Great Oceanic Conveyor and later on it's travels the AMOC.
As I understand it, the sea level record indicates that the melting
of the
great ice sheets covering parts
of the NH began some 16k years ago.
I do think it has been clear for a while that interactions with the ocean provide the
greatest potential for surprises and rapid changes, and that Greenland's
ice sheet would mostly pull out
of the ocean before it lost most
of its mass.
Also, the stability
of the
ice shelves is doubtful and without them the
ice sheet would probably flow much more rapidly into the sea, finding a new equilibrium after losing a
great deal
of mass.
The
ice sheet is almost 2,400 kilometres long in a north - south direction, and its
greatest width is 1,100 kilometres at a latitude
of 77 ° N, near its northern margin.
The
great unknown, which the recent Hansen paper suggests at several metres, is the 21st century eustatic rise, due primarily to
ice sheet melting (also melting
of polar and mountain glaciers, and
of ice shelves).
Ice shelf - A floating slab of ice of considerable thickness extending from the coast (usually of great horizontal extent with a level or gently sloping surface), often filling embayments in the coastline of the ice shee
Ice shelf - A floating slab
of ice of considerable thickness extending from the coast (usually of great horizontal extent with a level or gently sloping surface), often filling embayments in the coastline of the ice shee
ice of considerable thickness extending from the coast (usually
of great horizontal extent with a level or gently sloping surface), often filling embayments in the coastline
of the
ice shee
ice sheets.