Peaks whose heads are loaded with
a great volume of ice that is now being forced to rapidly melt.
Ice displacement patterns such as the one below will drive
a great volume of ice out of the Arctic Ocean and into warmer waters.
They are somewhat like doorstops, and their speeded erosion could, possibly, let far
greater volumes of ice sitting above sea level shifting toward the sea.
Not exact matches
«That may not sound like a lot, but consider the
volume of ice now locked up in the planet's three
greatest ice sheets,» she writes in a recent issue
of Scientific American.
It is not clear from these data how much
greater the overall
volume of the
ice is than previously thought.
What is alarming is that the
volume of water and the extent and rapidity
of its movement is suprisingly much
greater than previously believed, and that a possible, perhaps likely, effect
of this on
ice sheet dynamics is to make the
ice sheets less stable and more likely to respond more quickly to global warming than previously expected.
On November 16, 2011, scientists announced that data from NASA's Galileo probe (which operated from 1989 to 2003) appear to reveal at least two bodies
of liquid water the
volume of the North America's
Great Lakes underneath the surface
ice of Europa.
This would seem to suggest that if the
volume of ice melt is as
great as suspected, that there had to be a
greater salinity in the region that was mixing with the melt water to reduce the expanse and depth
of the brackish region.
The
ice loss amounts to a freshwater
volume which should have made an important contribution to the observed decrease in salinity in the northern Atlantic — probably including the «
great salinity anomaly»
of the 1970s, famous amongst oceanographers.
I would have said it is transparently obvious that
ice volume is a better measure than
ice area, if you want to understand long - term trend and the impact
of human emissions — though it's
great to have both measures.
So that, while the surface area may be
greater this year compared with last year, the
volume of ice in the Arctic this year is probably already less than at the same time last year.
In summary the melting
of land
ice floating on the ocean will introduce a
volume of water
greater than that
of the originally displaced sea water, hence raising the water level a little.
Siberian Arctic shelf
ice volumes is partially function
of the ratio
of fresh water inflow from
great Siberian rivers (Ob & Yenisei & Lena) and the saline Arctic sea waters.
The fact that a
great deal
of the melt in Arctic sea
ice is affected by the accumulating heat in the oceans and the fact that energy is advected to the Arctic via the oceans in much larger amounts than via the atmosphere and the extreme loss we've seen in Arctic sea
ice volume as a result means nothing to the «skeptics».
Greater volumes of intruding warm water cause greater reductions of ice in the Barents and Kara Seas, deep inside the Arctic
Greater volumes of intruding warm water cause
greater reductions of ice in the Barents and Kara Seas, deep inside the Arctic
greater reductions
of ice in the Barents and Kara Seas, deep inside the Arctic Circle.
You wrote - «The fact that a
great deal
of the melt in Arctic sea
ice is affected by the accumulating heat in the oceans and the fact that energy is advected to the Arctic via the oceans in much larger amounts than via the atmosphere and the extreme loss we've seen in Arctic sea
ice volume as a result means nothing to the «skeptics».»
I predict minimum sea extent will be the same or
greater than 2014, with a continued recovery
of sea
ice volume.
The outgoing flow through Fram Strait carries with it large
volumes of fresh water as fragmented pack
ice, a flow that is strongly episodic at decadal scale and is associated with the series
of so called
Great Salinity Anomalies observed within the circulation
of the subarctic gyre and in the Nordic seas that were discussed in the previous chapter.
Historical evidence
of Little
Ice Age events is much more plentiful in Europe than elsewhere but the documentation from other continents though scantier, is supported by a
great volume of field evidence (e.g. Hope et al 1976, Hastenrath 1984) which is presented in Chapters 7, 8 and 9.
Finally, given the measured a increase in advection
of energy to the Arctic via ocean currents, the increase in energy
of the oceans should be expected to have the exact effect we are seeing with a rapidly declining Arctic Sea
ice volume, with a
great deal
of this happening from
ice being melted from underneath.
What is alarming is that the
volume of water and the extent and rapidity
of its movement is suprisingly much
greater than previously believed, and that a possible, perhaps likely, effect
of this on
ice sheet dynamics is to make the
ice sheets less stable and more likely to respond more quickly to global warming than previously expected.
Not just the sheer
volume but the
great abilty
of that
ice mass to absorb heat and send it down where there are
ice at -60 ºC.