However, knee external moment arm length is more positive (so
a greater knee extensor moment is needed) in the hexagonal barbell compared to the straight barbell, and in the sumo style compared to the conventional deadlift style.
Not exact matches
In a nutshell, the anatomic traits that are associated with a more upright squatting posture include:
greater heel elevation,
greater ankle dorsiflexion mobility, shorter femur length, longer torso length, wider stance width, more abduction, a higher bar position on the back,
greater quadriceps strength and increased intent to target the
knee extensors.
Assessing the effects of cues, Fry et al. (2003) and Lorenzetti et al. (2010) found that peak hip
extensor moments were
greater when lifters were visibly or forcibly cued to prevent the
knee from moving forward over the toes, compared to when they were allowed to lift normally but Hirata and Duarte (2007) found the opposite.
Knee extensor moment arm lengths are
greatest in the order box > traditional > powerlifting squat styles.
In contrast,
knee extensor moments in the back squat increase with increasing relative load and squat depth but reduce with cues to prevent forward movement of the
knees over the toes or with
greater trunk lean.
Hip
extensor moments increase with increasing relative load, squat depth,
greater trunk lean, and with cues to prevent forward movement of the
knees over the toes.
Wretenberg et al. (1996) found that peak
knee extensor moments were lower during powerlifting squats than during Olympic weightlifting - style squats, even though the powerlifting squats involved the use of
greater absolute loads; Swinton et al. (2012) reported that peak
knee extensor moments were
greater in the box squat variation than in either the traditional or powerlifting squat variations, but there was no difference between traditional and powerlifting squats.
Knee extensor moments increase with increasing relative load and squat depth but reduce with cues to prevent forward movement of the
knees over the toes or with
greater trunk lean.
Wretenberg et al. (1996) found that peak
knee extensor moments were
greater during both powerlifting squats and during Olympic weightlifting - style squats when performed with
greater depth (deep = maximal
knee flexion vs. parallel = posterior of the hamstrings parallel to the ground).
McLaughlin et al. (1978) similarly noted that peak
knee extensor moments were smaller in individuals who displayed
greater trunk lean and more acute hip angles, which is associated with this type of exercise cue.
When using Smith machine squats,
knee extensor moments are
greater with a foot position that is closer toward the barbell or a forward body inclination.
Mann (1980) observed in a group of elite sprinters that the best athletes displayed the
greatest hip
extensor (and
knee flexor) net joint moments.
Test of transfer (long - term): strength training emphasizing the hip
extensors more than the
knee extensors (e.g. jump squat vs. push press or hip thrust vs. front squat) does lead to
greater gains in sprinting performance compared to exercises that stress the
knee extensors more than the hip
extensors (Loturco et al. 2016; Contreras et al. 2016), and a hamstring - focused strengthening program is additive for sprinting when included alongside normal training (Mendiguchia et al. 2015).