Sentences with phrase «greater than over the oceans»

At the surface, the variability of temperatures over land is much greater than that over the oceans (Fig. 4), which reflects the very different heat capacities of the underlying surface and the depth of the layer linked to the surface.

Mid-continent warming will be greater than over the oceans, and there will be greater warming at higher latitudes.

Not exact matches

They include higher sea surface temperatures over the Indian Ocean, which can lead to greater rainfall over the sea rather than on land.

However, for the globe as a whole, surface air temperatures over land have risen at about double the ocean rate after 1979 (more than 0.27 °C per decade vs. 0.13 °C per decade), with the greatest warming during winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) in the Northern Hemisphere.

The observed patterns of warming, including greater warming over land than over the ocean, and their changes over time, are only simulated by models that include anthropogenic forcing.

Warming, particularly since the 1970s, has generally been greater over land than over the oceans.

For example, on Heron Island Reef in the GBR, variations in pH and aragonite saturation state over one day were greater than the predicted changes in ocean chemistry globally by 2050.

Essentially more great than the haven itself is its territory, perched on a grandiose feign 70 meters over the thundering Indian ocean waves.

«Somewhat counter-intuitively, a land — sea surface warming ratio greater than unity during transient climate change is actually not mainly a result of the differing thermal inertias of land and ocean, but primarily originates in the differing properties of the surface and boundary layer (henceforth BL) over land and ocean (Manabe et al. 1991; Sutton et al. 2007; Joshi et al. 2008 (henceforth JGW08), Dong et al. 2009) as well as differing cloud feedbacks (Fasullo 2010; Andrews et al. 2010).»

El Niño: A phenomenon in the equatorial Pacific Ocean characterized by a positive sea surface temperature departure from normal (for the 1971 - 2000 base period) in the Niño 3.4 region greater than or equal in magnitude to 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees Fahrenheit), averaged over three consecutive months.

However, over land, where there is not very much moist convection, which is not dominated by the tropics and where one expects surface trends to be greater than for the oceans, there was no amplification at all!

Solar forcing has increased over the 20th century and given that the oceans have not yet had time to equilibrate to the new levels of forcing, it must have contributed some to the recent warming, in fact, that equlibration was further delayed by the cooling period, so the unrealized climate commitment would have been greater than ordinarily expected given that most of the increase in solar activity occurred in the first half of the century.

In response to increased trace gases, all replicated the qualitative response seen in other coupled ocean - atmosphere models: greater warming over land than ocean and maximum warming at high northern latitudes in winter.

An oil spill in Borneo that began over the past weekend has now spread across an area greater than the city of Paris and is heading out to the open ocean, the Indonesian government said.

The heat capacity of the ocean is 1,000 x greater than the atmosphere, ocean is over 70 % of earth's surface and earth is warmed by radiation from sun and GHE.

Surface air with enough energy to generate a hurricane only exists over oceans with a temperature greater than 26.5 ° Celsius (80 ° F).

Credit: NASA] The study notes that the world's warming is greatest at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, and it is larger over land than over ocean areas.

The temperature rise on land is greater than in the oceans, greatly due to the oceans distribution of heat over the mixed layer thereby reducing the temperature rise.

At low altitude and high temperatures (greater than 30 °C or 86 °F), over the ocean, it can reach 4.3 % or more of the atmosphere and is less dense than dry air, causing it to rise.

As the heat capacity of the oceans is greater than air over land, migration is more prominent over land.

The IPCC's predicted rate of increase in ocean heat content over the past decade or two has proven to be four and a half times greater than the observed rate of increase.

Seawater data collected by a Hydrolab DataSonde (Hach Company, Loveland, CO) since 2000 show that the ocean at this site has undergone a sustained decline in pH over the past decade [2] at a rate that is an order of magnitude greater than expected based on model predictions [13] and the equilibrium response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Data from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) show that annual mean rainfall is greater over the oceans than over land.

Warming over land is greater than the mean except in the southern mid-latitudes, where the warming over ocean is a minimum.

«The assessment is supported additionally by a complementary analysis in which the parameters of an Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC) were constrained using observations of near - surface temperature and ocean heat content, as well as prior information on the magnitudes of forcings, and which concluded that GHGs have caused 0.6 °C to 1.1 °C (5 to 95 % uncertainty) warming since the mid-20th century (Huber and Knutti, 2011); an analysis by Wigley and Santer (2013), who used an energy balance model and RF and climate sensitivity estimates from AR4, and they concluded that there was about a 93 % chance that GHGs caused a warming greater than observed over the 1950 — 2005 period; and earlier detection and attribution studies assessed in the AR4 (Hegerl et al., 2007b).»

Another recent study, by scientists from the U.K., Hawaii and Massachusetts, concluded that «marine and freshwater assemblages have always experienced variable pH conditions,» and that «in many freshwater lakes, pH changes that are orders of magnitude greater than those projected for the 22nd - century oceans can occur over periods of hours.

Weak negative correlations were found between the mean annual NCEP RH and cirrus over oceans, but again, most of the data over oceans are in the air traffic corridors where contrail formation and raw aircraft emissions could affect the cirrus trends more than over land because of greater susceptibility in the more pristine marine air.

The generally greater cooling in land masses than over the ocean is mainly due to temperatures over land generally being more sensitive to global forcing, not to LU forcing being located in land masses.

The differences are very small over most regions (less than ± 5 %), except for a small area of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, where the non-high-end models project an increase in precipitation that is about 50 per cent greater than in the high - end models.

Warming, particularly since the 1970s, has generally been greater over land than over the oceans.