Sentences with phrase «grooming by the bees»

With the combination of experimental contamination of bees with pollen and subsequent grooming by the bees we have been able to precisely characterise safe sites on the bees» body.

Not exact matches

The identification of safe sites is restricted to the description of patches of pollen grains remaining after the bees» grooming behaviour following pollen deposition by pollen - sacs during flower visits.

Bees collect pollen actively, e.g. by gathering pollen from anthers with their forelegs or mouthparts, or in a passive way with their body which is groomed from time to time after contamination with pollen [7].

The larger the congruence between the area contaminated with pollen by the pollen - sacs or that has been contacted by the stigma and the respective safe site of the corresponding pollinator, the lower is the probability of losing pollen according to the bees» grooming activity.

Field observations of flower - visiting bees (Apis mellifera, different species of Bombus and other genera) at mainly species of Orobanchaceae and Fabaceae have demonstrated that after pollen accumulation on the bees» bodies by the pollen - sacs) and subsequent grooming, residual patches of pollen patches remain in specific areas of the bees» body, mainly on the dorsal and ventral midline of the head, thorax and abdomen [31 — 42].

This includes pollen that is removed or collected by the bee via grooming and the pollen that gets lost e.g. during flight activity or touching non-stigmatic floral parts or stigmas of interspecific flowers.

For the first time, we experimentally demonstrated the position, area and pollen amount of safe sites at the examples of Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris by combining artificial contamination of the bees» body with pine or sunflower pollen and the subsequent bees» incomplete grooming.