However, the two - mass model method provides a tool that enables motion - based assessments
of ground reaction forces without direct force measurements.
The video data can also be integrated with force plate data to
analyze ground reaction forces, which helps to identify if an athlete is using correct body mechanics.
Blatnik et al. (2014) investigated the effects of relative load between 30 — 100 % of 1RM in the straight bar deadlift reported that
ground reaction forces increased from 30 — 100 % of 1RM.
This section sets out a summary of the research that has explored the net joint moments during the split squat exercise, using inverse dynamics calculations based on data from motion analysis of joint angle movements and
on ground reaction forces measured using a force plate.
Comparing the split squat, rear foot elevated split squat and back squat, DeForest et al. (2014) reported that while the rear foot elevated split squat and back squat displayed
similar ground reaction forces, the split squat displayed lower forces, albeit the loads used were not the same relative or absolute loads (the split squat and rear foot elevated split squat variations used 50 % of the load used in the back squat).
Similarly, Swinton et al. (2011b) showed data that demonstrated clear increases in
ground reaction forces from 30 % of 1RM to 70 % of 1RM, both when lifting with maximal velocity and with submaximal velocity.
Reactive or ballistic exercises such as throws, sprints and jumps «'' along with any sort of agility / multi-directional speed work «'' increases muscular power (ability to accept and
re-produce ground reaction forces quickly).
Ground reaction forces do not get absorbed up the chain and one can see how that can cause problems at the feet and knees if a runner can not control his body segmentally.
Furthermore, a growing amount of evidence shows that HH wearing is associated with
higher ground reaction forces (Ebbeling et al., 1994; Hong et al., 2005; Snow and Williams, 1994), indicating greater muscle and tendon forces, which may trigger tendon hypertrophy or improve its material properties.
For example, Inaba et al. (2013) measured movements and
ground reaction forces while subjects performed leftward side - steps for nine different distances from 20 — 100 % of their body height.
Galpin et al. (2015) reported data that showed clear increases from 60 % of 1RM to 80 % of 1RM in peak and
mean ground reaction forces but they did not analyse these data formally.
Winwood et al. (2014) found that vertical and
resultant ground reaction forces were higher in the farmers» walk deadlift than in the straight bar deadlift (using the same absolute loads).
Budsberg S, Chambers J, Van Lue S, Foutz, T, and Reece L: Prospective evaluation
of ground reaction forces in dogs undergoing unilateral total hip replacement.
Moreover, Jakobsen et al. (2013) reported that during lunges with both free weights and elastic resistance, EMG amplitude of most of the leg muscles is greatest at the point of peak hip and knee flexion,
where ground reaction forces are exerted in order to start the lifting phase but that in the elastic resistance condition, there was a trend towards a more even level of EMG amplitude across joint angles.
Comparing the effects of different training variables, Swinton et al. (2011a) found that
ground reaction forces increased with increasing relative loads from 10 to 80 % of 1RM with both the straight bar and hexagonal bar deadlifts.
For his undergraduate dissertation, he studied how
the ground reaction forces differ during foot - up and foot - back tennis serves.
«When we combined the measurements from the insect's movements and
the ground reaction forces, it became clear that propulsion does not arise from the hip joint around which the leg moves backwards,» explains Dallmann.
The researchers relied upon foot - ground contact time, aerial time, running velocity and body mass to determine
the ground reaction forces using the new method, called the «two - mass» model of running mechanics.
He and his team looked through the scientific literature for data on normal walking, and found a complete dataset that represented one person's gait, including the angle of their joints, the weight of each leg segment, and
the ground reaction force — the force between the ground and the foot — during a single step, or gait cycle.
A ground reaction force is the force exerted by the ground onto the body at the time when the body comes into contact with the ground.
For an athlete to be able to generate 3000 Newton of
ground reaction force the muscle - tendon complex — the functional unit within the muscle - skeleton system that combines stiffness with elasticity while interfacing between the CNS and the sensorimotor system — needs to be able to tolerate a terrific amount of stress.
Using gravity, momentum,
ground reaction forces and 360 degree movement freedom.