Even cooler, scientists are now able to «reprogram» human skin cells from patients with neurological disorders and
grow them into brain cells [source: Kavli Foundation].
By adding the proper nutrients, the researchers could not only spur these stem cells to
grow into brain cells — done for more than a decade — but to form little balls.
Not exact matches
Our
brains are remarkably resilient, even
growing new
brain cells deep
into adulthood, but even this incredible organ eventually ages.
Published in the February 27 issue of
Cell, the study found that tumor
cells that reach the
brain — and successfully
grow into new tumors — hug capillaries and express specific proteins that overcome the
brain's natural defense against metastatic invasion.
The researchers tinkered with the voltage in
cell membranes of developing African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) and found that electric charge plays a role in how big the
brain grows and what kind of tissue developing
cells grow into.
They then encouraged the stem
cells to
grow into neurons, a type of
brain cell.
The team used human embryonic stem
cells — which can transform
into any
cell of the body — and cultured them in a mixture of chemicals to
grow human
brain cells.
A group of really brainy scientists have moved closer to
growing «therapeutic»
brain cells in the laboratory that can be re-integrated back
into patients»
brains to treat a wide range of neurological conditions.
According to his unpublished findings, when he puts glioblastoma
cells from patients
into lab dishes with
brain organoids, the
cells attach to the surface of the organoids, burrow
into them, and within 24 to 48 hours
grow into a mass that eventually «looks exactly like what happened in the patient's own
brain,» Fine said.
Another is that the transplanted bits of tumor act nothing like cancers in actual human
brains, Fine and colleagues reported in 2006: Real - life glioblastomas
grow and spread and resist treatment because they contain what are called tumor stem
cells, but tumor stem
cells don't
grow well in the lab, so they don't get transplanted
into those mouse
brains.
Such
cells could be
grown into new neurons for treating people who have suffered some form of
brain damage,...
To replicate these
cell culture results, Rani used human stem
cells to
grow neurons
into what is called a mini
brain.
Investigations
into human
brain development using human
cells in the culture dish have so far been very limited: the
cells in the dish
grow flat, so they do not display any three - dimensional structure.
«We showed that the presence of the maternal gut microbiota during late pregnancy blocked the passage of labeled antibodies from the circulation
into the
brain parenchyma of the
growing fetus,» says first author Dr. Viorica Braniste at the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and
Cell Biology at Karolinska Institutet.
To
grow larger
brains, the stem
cells would also have to differentiate
into blood vessels to supply nutrients to the
growing organoid.
Some of the injected
cells grow into mature neurons and form connections with other neurons in the
brain, suggesting the injected
cells are functional.
The findings may even have implications for studying glioblastoma, a common
brain cancer whose ability to
grow, migrate and hack
into the
brain's blood supply appears to rely on a pattern of gene activity similar to that now identified in these neural stem
cells.
These
cells make
brain; some will turn
into dopamine
cells and others will want to become forebrain — but if you already have a forebrain,
growing another one is not going to help you!
The focus now is on getting better at
growing the
cells and turning them
into the right kind of
brain cell before starting new trials in patients.
Embryonic stem
cells with identical genomes
grow into distinctive tissues, such as heart, bone, and
brain.
Human embryonic stem
cells grown at the University of Wisconsin - Madison randomly changed
into cell types found in the A) gut B)
brain C) bone marrow D) cartilage E) muscle F) kidney Scientists haven't learned to control the development.
Thomson still supports lifting Bush's restrictions, he said, because no one knows whether the new iPS
cells can match embryonic
cells» knack for
growing into any kind of tissue —
brain cells, heart muscle, insulin - producing
cells and dozens of others — in mass quantities.
It is now almost routine to
grow skin
cells from a patient with, say, a neurological disease; turn them
into pluripotent
cells in a Petri dish; convert the
cells into nerve
cells to study the disease process; and contemplate using the
cells to repair the same patient's damaged
brain.
Brain Tumor What it is: Abnormal cells grow into a mass that interferes with brain acti
Brain Tumor What it is: Abnormal
cells grow into a mass that interferes with
brain acti
brain activity.
All carbohydrates are eventually broken down by the body
into glucose, which is: — A universal fuel for most organs and tissues in our bodies — The only fuel source for our
brain, red blood
cells and a
growing foetus, and — The main source of energy for our muscles during strenuous exercise
Scientists recently figured out that they can
grow stem
cells that turn
into those parts of your
brain.