Ultimately if the freshwater melt was a dominant (which seems hard to believe given the scale of the wind - driven gyre transport) factor, it would be entrained into
the gyres at the surface and you'd see an overall freshening of North Atlantic surface waters to make the whole system more like the Pacific, which has a much weaker meridional overturning circulation.
Not exact matches
SeaWiFS data show that photosynthesizing organisms have declined in certain ocean
gyres (large - scale surface current patterns), said Jim Yoder, a scientist
at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in a NASA article commemorating the end of SeaWiFS's mission.
To find out how the turtles remain within the
gyre, Ken Lohmann of the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill and colleagues made hatchlings swim in the presence of magnetic fields that simulated locations off Portugal, by which the
gyre passes.
At threshold sedimentation rates of 1 millimeter per 1000 years, the low rates of microbial community metabolism in the North Pacific
Gyre allow sediments to remain oxygenated tens of meters below the sea floor.
Those living below 20 meters in the sediments of the North Pacific
Gyre are consuming oxygen
at a rate of 0.001 micromoles of oxygen per liter of sediment per year, the team reports online today in Science.
A feasibility study published in 2014 estimated that such a boom could clean up half the plastic in the
gyres in only 10 years — but
at cost of about # 300 million.
All other marine life depends upon these bacteria, either directly or indirectly, for P. Therefore, if you're bacteria living in the impoverished North Atlantic
Gyre, you'd better be really good
at getting phosphorus.
Researchers
at the Algalita Marine Research Foundation documented an increase in plastic debris in the Central Pacific
Gyre five-fold between 1997 and 2007, where the baseline in 1997 showed plastic pieces outnumbered plankton on the ocean surface 6:1.4 Photo courtesy NOAA.
If read as an ideological tract, The Living Dead
at Manchester Morgue could refer to the expanding
gyre that separates distinct concepts of «authenticity» — hence the detective story in this ersatz Night of the Living Dead (commissioned to do a straight ripper of the Romero classic — which was completely without a detective figure — Grau inserts an element of Tiresian knowledge) that underscores the futility of investigation into areas that, by their nature, resist clarification.
«
Gyre: The Plastic Ocean,» installation view of Mark Dion's «Cabinet of Marine Debris» and Andy Hughes» UFO Plastic
Gyre Series Circularity Series
at the Anchorage Museum.
The artists will engage in shipboard conversations with scientists in different disciplines and gather materials for use in artworks that will be included in «
Gyre,» a group exhibition
at the Anchorage Museum opening in January 2014.
Atmos Sala Alcalá 31, Madrid (catalogue) Hemispheres and Continents Matthew Marks Gallery, New York 2012 All Things Pass Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin (catalogue) Patricia Low Contemporary, Gstaad Fullmoon and Night + Fog Domaine de Chaumont - sur - Loire, Chaumont - sur - Loire 2011 Landscape with Path The High Line, New York Xippas, Montevideo L'Abbaye de la Chaise Dieu, Chaise Dieu Nocturne Villa Merkel, Esslingen (catalogue)... between here and the surface of the moon FRAC Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand; traveled to: FRAC Haute - Normandie, Sotteville - lès - Rouen 2010 As it is Alfonso Artiaco, Naples The Principle of Moments Whitecube, London Fullmoon@Eifel Weidingen, Eifel Matthew Marks Gallery, New York PKM Trinity Gallery, Seoul 2009 Sommer Gallery, Tel Aviv Xippas Gallery, Athens Sometimestill Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin 2008 Nail to Nail David Patton, Los Angeles SCAI The Bathhouse, Tokyo In The Between Eye of
Gyre, Omotesando Substitute Galleri K, Oslo Fire under snow Parasol unit, London (catalogue) Moons of the Iapetus Ocean White Cube, London (catalogue) 2007 Galleria Alfonso Artiaco, Naples Day Return Castle Ujazdowski — Center for Contemporary Art, Warsaw (catalogue) Night + Fog Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin (catalogue) In the Between Musée d'art contemporain, Montreal SITE Santa Fe, Santa Fe Matthew Marks Gallery, New York 2006 Day Return Museum Folkwang, Essen (catalogue) Darren Almond and Janice Kerbel: Impossible Landscapes The Horticultural Society of New York, New York If I had you Domus Artium 2002 — Center for Contemporary Art, Salamanca Darren Almond / Albert Oehlen: Time 2 Kill Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin 2005 Take Me Home Matthew Marks Gallery, New York Alfonso Artiaco, Naples Isolation K21 - Kunstsammmlung Nordrhein - Westfalen, Düsseldorf Only Sound Needs Echo and Dreads its Lack Galerie Chantal Crousel, Paris 2004 Live Sentence Lentos Kunstmuseum Linz, Linz (catalogue) If I Had You Galerie Max Hetzler, St. Johannes Evangelist Church, Berlin 2003 11 miles... from Safety White Cube, London (catalogue) If I Had You Fondazione Nicola Trussardi, Palazzo della Ragione, Milan Mine, A Galleri K, Oslo A Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin Full Moon Sommer Contemporary Art, Tel - Aviv 2002 A National Theatre, London; Yorkshire Sculpture Park, commissioned by Public Art Development Trust, London
at speed (with Sarah Morris) Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin 2001 Coming up for air Matthew Marks Gallery, New York Kunsthalle Zürich, Zurich (catalogue) Night as Day Tate Britain, London (catalogue) De Appel Foundation - Center for Contemporary Art, Amsterdam Galerie Max Hetzler, E-Werk, Abspannwerk Buchhändlerhof, Berlin 2000 Mean Time Matthew Marks Gallery, New York Geisterbahn The Approach, London Traction Chisenhale Gallery, London 1999 Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin The Renaissance Society, University of Chicago, Chicago 1997 ICA - Institute of Contemporary Arts, comissioned by Toshiba Art & Innovation, London Fan White Cube, London 1995 KN120 Great Western Studios, London 1991 Crawford Art College, Cork
Beyond it are
gyres of sky and cloud, to the right a creeping vine falls and comes to rest along the bottom edge of the image, compressing space and pushing it back, obscuring and depicting
at the same time.
In 2004, more of the northward Gulf Stream flow was recirculating back southward in the thermocline within the subtropical
gyre, and less was returning southward
at depth.
Yes looking
at the IAB maps the Beaufort
gyre (a source of multiyear ice) has almost gone, the transpolar drift is apparently running close to the north american side.
Ekman transport may be confined to the surface layers, but when the circulation spins up, the greater rotational speed of the
gyre increases the rigidity of the Taylor column
at its centre.
Click on this slide show for a zooming look
at «
Gyre,» his effort to bring meaning to the diffuse and distant problem of plastic pollution in the Pacific Ocean.
More from TreeHugger's voyage with 5
Gyres Aboard with 5
Gyres in the South Pacific: The Trawling Begins Tsunami Ruins, And Music With Impossible Nature Surroundings
At Robinson Crusoe Island On The Way To The (Possibly) Great South Pacific Garbage Patch 5
Gyres Founders Explain How Plastic Pollution in Oceans Really Works (Video) TreeHugger Joins 5
Gyres To Sail The South Pacific In Search Of Plastic Pollution
To get a glimpse of what was going on in the dark, the researchers looked
at samples from two subtropical
gyres, or systems of rotating ocean currents, in the South Atlantic and North Pacific.
Increased winds in the tropics and mid latitudes can «spin up» the mid-ocean
gyres, increasing the rate
at which water gets pumped down to mid depths through Ekman pumping, taking heat from the surface with it.
In 2014, international scientists collaborated with 5
Gyres to publish the first Global Estimate of Marine Plastic Pollution, and determined that 5.25 trillion particles of «plastic smog» surface pollution — weighing in
at 269,000 tons — pollute our oceans worldwide.
5
Gyres, The Island School, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Jack Johnson and All
at Once partnered together to bring 75 local Bahamian, American, and international students to the Cape Eleuthera Institute for a 3 - Day Youth Action Island Summit in the Summer of 2015.
Activists
at other national and international Coastal Cleanup Days can download #foamfree materials from 5
Gyres and follow the same steps to connect with their legislators about polystyrene pollution.
13
Gyres Vertical columns or mounds of water
at the surface and flow around them Produce enormous circular currents Five major locations: North Pacific - clockwise South Pacific - counterclockwise Indian Ocean - counterclockwise South Atlantic - counterclockwise North Atlantic - clockwise
The strength of the Icelandic Low is the critical factor in determining path of the polar jet stream over the North Atlantic In the winter the IL is located
at SW of Greenland (driver Subpolar
Gyre), but in the summer the IL is to be found much further north (most likely driver the North Icelandic Jet, formed by complex physical interactions between warm and cold currents), which as graphs show had no major ups or downs.
The strength of the Icelandic Low is the critical factor in determining path of the polar jet stream over the North Atlantic In the winter the IL is located
at SW of Greenland (Subpolar
Gyre) In summer the IL is to be found much further north (most likely the North Icelandic Jet, formed by complex physical interactions between warm and cold currents) These two run under two different regimes and two clocks (see the CET synthesis from 3 harmonics, one for each summer and winter, and one common — see the above link, bottom graph).
Because
gyres are systems of circulating currents, they result in marine debris accumulation
at their centers.
The
gyres spin up with negative polar annular modes — high pressure
at the poles push circumpolar wind and storms into lower latitudes.
AB 888 will eliminate a significant contributor of plastic pollution
at the source, before it ever has a chance to reach the oceans,» said Anna Cummins, Executive Director of the 5
Gyres Institute.
It's a region of the North Pacific ocean where the northern jet stream and the southern trade winds, moving opposite directions, create a vast, gently circling region of water called the North Pacific
Gyre — and
at its center, there are tons of plastic garbage.
2) That when it is mechanically forced by your
gyres to a lower stratum, which is above water
at T3, it displaces the water
at that stratum upward, which is
at some T2, < T1 but > T3.
Note that there is also poleward transport in the shallow currents
at the western edge of each subtropical ocean
gyre - known as western boundary currents.
The future evolution of ENSO will be determined by the strength of the South Pacific
gyre — that in turn is driven by surface pressure
at the South Pole and resultant changes in circumpolar westerly winds.
As the North Atlantic subtropical
gyre spun - up in response to the trade wind - forcing, the gulfstream, the powerful ribbon - like western boundary current travelling north along the North American coast
at the edge of the
gyre, intensified.
These range from few years (Beaufort
gyre 4 years, Circumpolar current 8 years, Indian ocean
gyre 10 years, N. Atlantic subpolar
gyre 20 years etc.) up to above 100 years for some of the Pacific
gyres, and finally the great ocean conveyor belt estimated
at ~ 1600 years.
BTW GFS and ECMWF show an important
Gyre anticyclone for
at least until the 15th to 19th of May.
Coastal and equatorial upwelling bring an enormous amount of DIC to the surface, with subsequent transport to the
gyres of the open ocean, causing declines in open ocean surface pH
at rates that are much faster than possibly attributed to atmospheric diffusion.
The accumulation zones of plastic that form in the five subtropical
gyres are a result of the diminished winds and currents occurring
at latitudes synonymous with continental deserts.
The outgoing flow through Fram Strait carries with it large volumes of fresh water as fragmented pack ice, a flow that is strongly episodic
at decadal scale and is associated with the series of so called Great Salinity Anomalies observed within the circulation of the subarctic
gyre and in the Nordic seas that were discussed in the previous chapter.
The research team, including the authors of the study, Peter Davison and Rebecca Asch, traveled across hundreds of miles of the North Pacific ocean
gyre, collecting fish specimens, water samples and marine debris
at depths ranging from the surface to thousands of feet under.
So a
gyre can create a downwelling
at its centre.
Our friends
at 5
Gyres are also bringing awareness to the link between climate change and plastic pollution on their new page!
Any circular water flow will tend to push water in towards it's center - sea levels are higher
at the centre of the
gyres as a result.
The boats can be retrofitted to deal with any environmental disaster
at sea where it's difficult or dangerous to send human workers: The original vision — pre-Deepwater — was for the boats to head the Pacific
Gyre and pick up trash in nets, because it seems that no human is ever going to lift a finger to clean it up.
Really this stuff shouldn't stop
at home, it should go straight to the Great Pacific
Gyre where it will end up after one use anyways.
More from TreeHugger and 5
Gyres Tsunami Ruins, And Music With Impossible Nature Surroundings
At Robinson Crusoe Island On The Way To The (Possibly) Great South Pacific Garbage Patch 5
Gyres Founders Explain How Plastic Pollution in Oceans Really Works (Video) TreeHugger Joins 5
Gyres To Sail The South Pacific In Search Of Plastic Pollution
«If you look
at ocean dynamics alone, this
gyre has the tightest accumulation zone, even more than the North Pacific
gyre.
«I'm genuinely thrilled to see this being introduced
at the national level,» said Anna Cummins, a co-founder of the 5
Gyres Institute, which is dedicated to researching and reducing plastic pollution.
Among the crew members is Garen Baghdasarian, a professor of Marine Biology
at Santa Monica College who's received a PhD in Biology studying coral bleaching who's collaborating with 5
Gyres carrying out a study to find out if there's a relationship between plastic pollution and the decrease in the levels of phytoplankton in the ocean.
When a
gyre region is added to the channel, vertical diffusion in the
gyre exerts some control on the channel stratification even
at higher winds, forcing the mass balance into a mixed regime in which both eddy and diffusive effects are important.