ECMWF 12z (WMO - Essential) 850 -
hPa temperature + wind streams.
Not exact matches
Air
temperature at 1000
hPa (A); relative humidity at 1000
hPa (B).
Caption: Figure 13: Number of days with
temperatures lower than Tnat (white) or Tice (red) at (a) 50
hPa and (b) 30
hPa.
The chart shows the daily mean
temperature at about 7,500 meters altitude, i.e. middle troposphere (400 mb /
hPa).
Lindzen and Giannitsis (2002) pose the hypothesis that the rapid change in tropospheric (850 — 300
hPa)
temperatures around 1976 triggered a delayed response in surface
temperature that is best modelled with a climate sensitivity of less than 1 °C.
The
HPA axis is in charge of regulating sleep, hormones,
temperature, blood pressure, sweat and blood flood.
And what he meant by that was — you know — not only do you need to change the terrain, but you need to — you know — optimize body
temperature, adrenal function, uhm — because a lot of people that are going to put on quote natural pass, and — you know — just — They're getting put on a bunch of adaptogens, but there's no further investigation as to what's causing
HPA, the uh — TGG dysfunction.
Caption: Figure 13: Number of days with
temperatures lower than Tnat (white) or Tice (red) at (a) 50
hPa and (b) 30
hPa.
The time series of the 30 -
hPa annual mean
temperatures (Â °C) at the North Pole is shown in Fig. 19.
However, despite near normal rates of ice loss during the month, June 2015 was a relatively warm month (Figure 7) with 925
hPa air
temperatures up to 2.5 C higher than average near the North Pole and East Siberian Sea, with even warmer air
temperatures in the Kara Sea (up to 4.5 C).
Air
temperatures at the 925
hPa level were 1 to 3 degrees Celsius (2 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit) below average for a large area stretching from the northern Kara Sea, through the Laptev Sea, and into north - central Eurasia.
Fortunately, the August - Roche - Magnus formula provides a very good approximation, using pressure in
hPa and
temperature in Celsius:
The SASBE provides hourly
temperature profiles at 16 pressure levels between the surface and 10
hPa for the years 1997 to 2012.
Plot of the UAH - AMSU
temperatures at the middle troposphere, 400
hPA (approx. 7.5 km altitude), from January 2002 to July 2017.
You will see polar cyclones with warm cores at the 250
hPa level if you set the display to show air
temperature.
1a) are calculated here with the use of the amplitudes A˜mOrt of the external thermal and orographic forcing whose values are derived from the daily data on
temperature at 300
hPa from ref.
October air
temperatures at the 925
hPa level (about 2,500 feet above sea level) were unusually high over most of the Arctic Ocean (Figure 2c), especially over the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and over the East Greenland Sea (up to 8 degrees Celsius or 14 degrees Fahrenheit above the 1981 to 2010 average).
1a with the use of A˜7Ort derived from the
temperature (41) and orography (46) data sets is close to the observed amplitude A˜7, obs ≈ (5.4 ± 1.3) m ⋅ s − 1 reached in the following
HPA event lagged by 5 d (see Fig. 1).
Arctic
temperatures at the 925
hPa level (about 2,500 feet above sea level) over the period January to December of 2016 were above average over nearly the entire Arctic region and especially over the Arctic Ocean.
Air
temperatures at the 925
hPa level (approximately 2,500 feet above sea level) were more than 3 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit) above the 1981 to 2010 average over the central Arctic Ocean and northern Barents Sea, and as much as 5 degrees Celsius (9 degrees Fahrenheit) above average over the Chukchi Sea.
This is particularly found in changes to the surface air
temperature, sea level pressure (Fig. 3), and 500 -
hPa geopotential height fields.
Stratospheric
temperature (purple line) and west - to - east winds (gray line) from July 2017 - March 2018 at about 20 miles altitude (10
hPa) and 60 ° N.
It is significantly positive below 850
hPa in all three zones, as might be expected in a mixed layer with rising
temperatures over a moist surface.
Some models simulate a secondary maximum at around 100 - 200
hPa, with concentrations much lower than the maximum near the surface; this is primarily due to condensation of semi-volatile SOA at low
temperatures but also due to OA accumulation above clouds, where dry and wet deposition is absent.
The
temperature (water vapor pressure) trends averaged over all stations were 0.30 (0.07), 0.24 (0.06), 0.13 (0.11), 0.11 (0.07) C / decade (
hPa / decade) in the winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons, respectively.
Alternatively look at
temperatures at 850
hPa where the bulk of the moisture condenses or the actual areas of those high pressure cells.
While I haven't tried this experiment myself, I foolhardedly predict that the resulting mixture will start out as supersaturated air at
temperature 280 K and pressure 620
hPa with RH = 200 % (anyone who cares will have no trouble verifying this using only the specific heat numbers I've given earlier, no thermodynamic needed), and (more importantly for thermodynamics) that it will in due course become air at T = 287.7 K and P = 634.5 (higher pressure) with RH = 100 %.
Multi-model mean changes in surface air
temperature (°C, left), precipitation (mm day — 1, middle) and sea level pressure (
hPa, right) for boreal winter (DJF, top) and summer (JJA, bottom).
On the other hand the same analysis shows that if the pressure increase due to
temperature is neglected, the pressure decrease from 620 to 617.5
hPa is now only 0.4 %.
In addition, planetary - scale
temperature and wind fields were spectrally nudged beginning ~ 500
hPA with a strength of zero and linearly ramped up to 0.0003 s - 1 at the top of the atmosphere, to constrain the large - scale circulation but still allow for free evolution of the boundary layer states.
whence the
temperature increases by 170/21.9 = 7.75 C, raising 280 K to 287.75 K or almost 15 C, which according to my steam tables is the dewpoint at a w.v. partial pressure of 17
hPa.
If we depleted the atmosphere over Earth from todays 1013
hPa to 500
hPa we would have an average
temperature over Equator at the surface as it is today at 18.000 feet, that is below freezing!
Tectonics — a numerical index I compiled from various sources such as USGS, Smithsonian etc Atmospheric pressure — in
hPa, available from NOAA Sea Surface
temperature — in degree C, available from NOAA.
Warm conditions with
temperatures at the 925
hPa level of 1 to 2 degrees Celsius (2 to 4 degrees Fahrenheit) above average graced the northernmost coasts of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, but the thick sea ice that is typical of this region is unlikely to melt out.
The plot above shows July 2016 Arctic air
temperature anomalies at the 925
hPa level in degrees Celsius and sea level pressure anomalies.
Here is a quote from Pielke Sr.: «First, as can be seen from Fig. 1, A and B, ignoring data after 1996, linear trends in globally averaged 1000 — 300
hPa thickness
temperature and 300
hPa over 1979 to 1996 were not significant -LSB--- 0.045 °C / decade (P = 0.55) and — 2.59 m / decade (P = 0.33) for 1000 — 300
hPa thickness
temperature and 300
hPa height, respectively].
I include in this week's blog the monthly 500
hPa geopotential heights (Figure 11) and the surface
temperatures (Figure 12) forecast for June from the Climate Forecast System (CFS; the plots represent yesterday's four ensemble members).
«We examine the relationship between surface
temperature variability and atmospheric circulation through comparison of the empirical modes of the satellite data sets with NCEP - NCAR reanalysis geopotential height anomalies at the 500 -
hPa level.
Now, remembering that atmospheric pressure is directly related to
temperature, and pressure decreases with height, warming a region will increase the height at which pressure falls to 500
hPa.
In the tropical mid-troposphere, at approximately 300
hPa pressure, the model - projected fingerprint of anthropogenic greenhouse warming is absent from this and all other observed records of
temperature changes in the satellite and radiosonde eras:
Temperature rankings (1 = warmest, 40 = coldest) from preliminary NCEP / NCAR (R1) reanalysis of Arctic 925
hPa air
temperatures (70N +).
This plot shows Arctic air
temperature (at the 925
hPA level) difference from average for June, July, and August 2016.
The separation of the negative NAM from the positive polar cap anomalies are emphasized with a difference analysis comparing these binned
temperature anomalies between the 1000
hPa PCT composite and the negative NAM composite (Fig. 10b).
Conditions under the high pressure region were quite warm;
temperatures at the 925
hPa level were up to 6 degrees Celsius (11 degrees Fahrenheit) above the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 2c).
These same 2 - m
temperature anomalies were evaluated with respect to the Barents — Kara Sea region (65 to 80 ° N, 10 to 100 ° E) at 850
hPa (Fig. 10d).