Sentences with word «halocarbon»

A global protocol, the Montreal Protocol, came in to force in 1987 which sought to prohibit the use of halocarbon compounds as a measure to limit stratospheric ozone depletion.

All of these influences, along with additional factors like land use changes, carbon soot and halocarbon emissions, and albedo variations, must be considered cumulatively to determine the net impact.

But in the short term, carbon dioxide will be aided by «short - lived greenhouse gases,» like methane, nitrous oxide, and the synthetic chemicals called halocarbons.

Complementing these regulations, Canada has published an Environmental Code of Practice outlining best practices to minimize and eliminate emissions of halocarbon refrigerants when operating and servicing refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the most well - known halocarbons.

The introduction of halocarbons in the mid-20th century has contributed an additional +0.34 Wm for a total forcing by WMGHGs of +2.45 Wm with a 15 % margin of uncertainty.

In 2004, Looy and her former Ph.D. advisor Henk Visscher proposed one way this might have played out, bases on fossilized abnormal plant spores found worldwide: volcanic gases — halocarbons like methyl chloride and methyl bromide — destroyed much or all of Earth's ozone layer, boosting UV - B exposure that would have affected life and potentially increased the genetic mutation rates in pollen and spores of plants worldwide.

Logarithmic (base 10) mixing ratios of radiatively - active halocarbon and sulfur species versus time from NOAA observations.

Many of the halogen - containing, non-CO2 atmospheric gases are also stratospheric ozone - depleting gases including the CFCs, halons, chlorinated solvents, and other halocarbons.

Committee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change Halocarbons: Environmental Effects of Chlorofluoromethane Release (National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, 1976).

But, Lindzen is right that CO2 is not the only influence — the nitrous oxide and halocarbon influences caused by human activities are long lasting and are also increasing.

4 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect: Nitrous Oxide, Ozone and Halocarbons Nitrous oxide, N 2 O, is the third largest contributor to the enhanced greenhouse effect.

Long - lived halocarbon trends and budgets from atmospheric chemistry modelling constrained with measurements in polar firn

We validated parameterization of the model diffusivity using CH4 and three halocarbon species (CFC11, CFC113, and CCl4) for which atmospheric histories have been estimated from emission scenarios and real - time measurements (60 — 62).

Aside from purely human - produced synthetic halocarbons, most greenhouse gases have both natural and human - caused sources.

Totally different for halocarbons in the 8 - 12um range compared with CO2 at 15um — for example.

Requirements for the preparation and implementation of pollution prevention plans for sound end - of - life management of halocarbon refrigerants were also recently published.

The most likely cause of climate change in the period since about 1850, based on estimated magnitudes of known perturbations (Fig. 4), is the growing concentration of greenhouse gases: in particular carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and the commercially - made compounds of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon called halocarbons.

Some greenhouse gases, such as industrial halocarbons, are only made by humans.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the best - known halocarbons.

Drivers of Climate Change Atmospheric concentrations of many gases — primarily carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and halocarbons (gases once used widely as refrigerants and spray propellants)-- have increased because of human activities.

Some greenhouse gases (most of the halocarbons, for example) have no natural source.

Embryos were allowed to develop further under the halocarbon oil until the desired stage.

Combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas, and to a lesser extent deforestation, land - cover change, and emissions of halocarbons and other greenhouse gases, are rapidly increasing the atmospheric concentrations of climate - warming gases.

CO2 constitutes the largest contribution to total radiative forcing in the RCP4.5, followed by CH4, halocarbons, tropospheric ozone, and N2O (Fig. 8).

Halocarbons are short - lived, but they trapped a lot of heat in the atmosphere.

The Montreal Protocol is a 1980s - era international environmental treaty that restricted the use of some halocarbons, the chemicals causing the hole in the ozone layer.

In 1990, emissions of halocarbons and other halogenated compounds occurred almost exclusively in the OECD90 region, which contributed 95 % to the world total (Figure 5 - 19).

Figure 5 - 19: Halocarbons and other halogenated compounds emissions in the SRES marker scenarios by region.

The continued growth of the production and use of halocarbons and other halogenated compounds in the developing regions after 2020 makes them primary emitters of these substances in all the markers, except the B1 marker, in 2100 (Figure 5 - 19).

Other aspects (temperature, winds, etc.) of the atmospheric environment and chemicals other than halocarbons can also influence the ozone layer.

Application to carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and the halocarbons.

Increasing concentrations of the long - lived greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6); hereinafter LLGHGs) have led to a combined RF of +2.63 [± 0.26] W m — 2.

Emissions of the six kinds of air pollutants causing the problem — CO2, methane, black carbon, halocarbons, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide, plus VOCs — must all be reduced dramatically.

At this time, there will be a lesser offset of the positive greenhouse effects of the halocarbons and the other well - mixed greenhouse gases (WMO, 1999).