Sentences with phrase «halocarbons in»

Totally different for halocarbons in the 8 - 12um range compared with CO2 at 15um — for example.

The introduction of halocarbons in the mid-20th century has contributed an additional +0.34 Wm for a total forcing by WMGHGs of +2.45 Wm with a 15 % margin of uncertainty.

Not exact matches

In 2004, Looy and her former Ph.D. advisor Henk Visscher proposed one way this might have played out, bases on fossilized abnormal plant spores found worldwide: volcanic gases — halocarbons like methyl chloride and methyl bromide — destroyed much or all of Earth's ozone layer, boosting UV - B exposure that would have affected life and potentially increased the genetic mutation rates in pollen and spores of plants worldwidIn 2004, Looy and her former Ph.D. advisor Henk Visscher proposed one way this might have played out, bases on fossilized abnormal plant spores found worldwide: volcanic gases — halocarbons like methyl chloride and methyl bromide — destroyed much or all of Earth's ozone layer, boosting UV - B exposure that would have affected life and potentially increased the genetic mutation rates in pollen and spores of plants worldwidin pollen and spores of plants worldwide.

CO2 constitutes the largest contribution to total radiative forcing in the RCP4.5, followed by CH4, halocarbons, tropospheric ozone, and N2O (Fig. 8).

Halocarbons are short - lived, but they trapped a lot of heat in the atmosphere.

The Montreal Protocol is a 1980s - era international environmental treaty that restricted the use of some halocarbons, the chemicals causing the hole in the ozone layer.

A global protocol, the Montreal Protocol, came in to force in 1987 which sought to prohibit the use of halocarbon compounds as a measure to limit stratospheric ozone depletion.

In 1990, emissions of halocarbons and other halogenated compounds occurred almost exclusively in the OECD90 region, which contributed 95 % to the world total (Figure 5 - 19In 1990, emissions of halocarbons and other halogenated compounds occurred almost exclusively in the OECD90 region, which contributed 95 % to the world total (Figure 5 - 19in the OECD90 region, which contributed 95 % to the world total (Figure 5 - 19).

Some greenhouse gases, such as industrial halocarbons, are only made by humans, and thus their presence in the atmosphere can only be explained by human activity.

Results show that the globally and annually averaged radiative forcing caused by the observed loss of sea ice in the Arctic between 1979 and 2007 is approximately 0.1 W m − 2; a complete removal of Arctic sea ice results in a forcing of about 0.7 W m − 2, while a more realistic ice - free - summer scenario (no ice for one month, decreased ice at all other times of the year) results in a forcing of about 0.3 W m − 2, similar to present - day anthropogenic forcing caused by halocarbons.

Consequently, the most advanced climate models now require, in addition to concentrations or emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and halocarbons), emissions of reactive gases and aerosol precursor compounds (SO2, NOx, VOC, BC, OC and NH3), to model atmospheric chemistry and interactions with the climate system.6 For most variables, a sectoral differentiation would improve the quality of the calculations (e.g. from power plants and agricultural burning).

Moreover, there are a number of entirely human - made greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as the halocarbons and other chlorine - and bromine - containing substances, dealt with under the Montreal Protocol.

Long - lived halocarbon trends and budgets from atmospheric chemistry modelling constrained with measurements in polar firn

Water vapor is a highly variable gas and has long been recognized as an important player in the cocktail of greenhouse gases — carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons, nitrous oxide, and others — that affect climate.