At both locations, the long - term records show that summer warming has resulted in sustained mass loss, noted Shad O'Neel,
head of the glacier research program at the USGS Alaska Science Center.
Robin Bell, a geophysicist at the Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, reported on satellite images indicating that a region of four subglacial lakes at
the head of a glacier had initiated an ice stream, a fast - moving feature within an ice sheet that carries ice to the sea.
These dramatic changes appear to be the result of a combination of warmer air and ocean temperatures and the topography of the ocean floor at
the head of the glacier.
The tsunami was caused by a Megathrust quake with an epicenter at
the head of glacier - ringed College Fiord, 75 miles from the town of Chenega.
From
the head of the glacier at 1300 m to the mean Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) at an elevation of 1050 - 1100 m the glacier flows northward.
Glaciers are not just retreating at the terminus, lateral and even retreat at
the head of the glacier can also be substantial.