In general, overall retirement spending decreases through much of retirement but with a notable upturn at the end that can create a U-shaped retirement spending pattern.17 So planning for health care expenses throughout your retirement — however long it may be — is vital to your overall retirement income planning efforts because
health care utilization tends to increase as we age.
On social - emotional measures, foster children in the NSCAW study
tended to have more compromised functioning than would be expected from a high - risk sample.43 Moreover, as indicated in the previous section, research suggests that foster children are more likely than nonfoster
care children to have insecure or disordered attachments, and the adverse long - term outcomes associated with such attachments.44 Many studies of foster children postulate that a majority have mental
health difficulties.45 They have higher rates of depression, poorer social skills, lower adaptive functioning, and more externalizing behavioral problems, such as aggression and impulsivity.46 Additionally, research has documented high levels of mental
health service
utilization among foster children47 due to both greater mental
health needs and greater access to services.