That promise is generally kept unless the issuer falls on hard times; some bonds have credit risk based on the financial
health of their issuer.
Because the financial
health of an issuer can change — no matter if the issuer is a corporation or a municipality — ratings agencies can downgrade or upgrade a company's rating.
Liquidity is an important measure of the short - term financial
health of an issuer or business.
Not exact matches
Ratings agencies research the financial
health of each bond
issuer (including
issuers of municipal bonds) and assign ratings to the bonds being offered.
In developing the GOT regulation, the Departments accounted for wide variation in how group
health plans and
health insurance
issuers determine both in - network and out -
of - network rates, and made a determination to base the GOT criteria on existing provisions
of federal law.
«These interim final regulations are necessary in order to provide rules that plan sponsors and
issuers can use to determine which changes they can make to the terms
of the plan or
health insurance coverage while retaining their grandfather status»
On the FICO credit scoring system, credit scores — a 3 digit numerical representation
of your credit
health — are broken down into several categories, these ranges are estimates and each
issuer may have their own variation to what range fits into which grouping.
Fifth Third Securities Public Finance Group provides a broad range
of debt underwriting, placement and financial advisory services to municipal
issuers including state level
issuers, cities, villages, townships, counties, school districts, water and sewer districts and other public utility systems,
health care facilities, and higher education institutions.
The credit rating is generally a reflection
of an
issuer's financial
health.
Filed Under: Investing Tagged With: AAPL, Apple, Basic Solutions, BRCM, Broadcom, GOOG, Google,
health monitor, INTC, Intel, Investor, QCOM, Qualcomm, Tech, wearable tech Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are author's alone, not those
of any bank, credit card
issuer, airlines or hotel chain, or other advertiser and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any
of these entities.
Filed Under: Student Loans Tagged With: HEAL program,
Health Education Assistance Loan program, Student Loan Repayment, Student Loans Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are author's alone, not those
of any bank, credit card
issuer, airlines or hotel chain, or other advertiser and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any
of these entities.
Junk - bond
issuers — those with low credit ratings — tend to sink or swim with the
health of the economy.
Filed Under: Insurance, Investing Tagged With:
Health Savings Account, HSA, HSA contribution limit Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are author's alone, not those
of any bank, credit card
issuer, airlines or hotel chain, or other advertiser and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any
of these entities.
Filed Under: Investing Tagged With:
Health Insurance Companies, Obamacare, Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act, Profit From Obamacare, UNH, WLP Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are author's alone, not those
of any bank, credit card
issuer, airlines or hotel chain, or other advertiser and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any
of these entities.
Authorities that issue bonds on the behalf
of qualified nongovernmental
issuers include
health facilities and industrial development authorities.
Filed Under: Career Tagged With: College, Employer, Employment, Graduate,
Health Care,
Health Insurance,
Health Savings Account, healthcare, Insurance, Job Benefits, Open Enrollment, Small Business, Work Benefits Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are author's alone, not those
of any bank, credit card
issuer, airlines or hotel chain, or other advertiser and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any
of these entities.
Filed Under: Politics Tagged With: Accountability,
Health Insurance,
Health Insurance Reform, Personal Accountability, Promoting Accountability Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are author's alone, not those
of any bank, credit card
issuer, airlines or hotel chain, or other advertiser and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any
of these entities.
Business Development: Brokering various business dealings that further the diversification
of Indian economies Developing and accessing commercial financial programs and services for tribal governments, including tax - exempt offerings and federally - guaranteed housing loans Serving as
issuer or underwriter's counsel in tribal bond issuances Ensuring tribal compliance with Bank Secrecy Act and other federal financial regulatory requirements Handling federal and state income, excise, B&O, property and other tax matters for tribes and tribal businesses Chartering tribal business enterprises under tribal, state and federal law Registering and protecting tribal trademarks and copyrights Negotiating franchise agreements for restaurants and retail stores on Indian reservations Custom - tailoring construction contracts for tribes and general contractors Helping secure federal SBA 8 (a) and other contracting preferences for Indian - owned businesses Facilitating contractual relations between tribes and tribal casinos, and gaming vendors Building tribal workers» compensation and self - insurance programs Government Relations: Handling state and federal regulatory matters in the areas
of tribal gaming, environmental and cultural resources, workers» compensation, taxation,
health care and education Negotiating tribal - state gaming compacts and fuel and cigarette compacts, and inter-local land use and law enforcement agreements Advocacy before the Washington State Gambling Commission, Washington Indian Gaming Association and National Indian Gaming Commission Preparing tribal codes and regulations, including tribal court, commercial, gaming, taxation, energy development, environmental and cultural resources protection, labor & employment, and workers» compensation laws Developing employee handbooks, manuals and personnel policies Advocacy in areas
of treaty rights, gaming, jurisdiction, taxation, environmental and cultural resource protection Brokering fee - to - trust and related real estate and jurisdictional transactions Litigation & Appellate Services: Handling complex Indian law litigation, including commercial, labor & employment, tax, land use, treaty rights, natural and cultural resource matters Litigating tribal trust mismanagement claims against the United States, and evaluating tribal and individual property claims under the Indian Claims Limitation Act Defending tribes and tribal insureds from tort claims brought against them in tribal, state and federal courts, including defense tenders pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act Assisting tribal insureds in insurance coverage negotiations, and litigation Representing individual tribal members in tribal and state civil and criminal proceedings, including BIA prosecutions and Indian probate proceedings Assisting tribal governments with tribal, state and federal court appeals, including the preparation
of amicus curiae briefs Our Indian law & gaming attorneys collaborate to publish the quarterly «Indian Legal Advisor ``, designed to provide Indian Country valuable information about legal and political developments affecting tribal rights.
If a group
health plan provides
health benefits solely through an insurance contract with a
health insurance
issuer or HMO, and the group
health plan creates or receives protected
health information in addition to summary information (as defined in § 164.504 (a)-RRB- and information about individuals» enrollment in or disenrollment from a
health insurance
issuer or HMO offered by the group
health plan, the group
health plan must maintain a notice that meets the requirements
of this section and must provide the notice upon request
of any person.
We proposed that this definition include, but not be limited to the 15 types
of plans (e.g., group
health plan,
health insurance
issuer,
health maintenance organization) listed in the statute, as well as any combination
of them.
Two other types
of covered entities are not required to produce a notice: a correctional institution that is a covered entity and a group
health plan that provides benefits only through one or more contracts
of insurance with
health insurance
issuers or HMOs.
We also note that under § 164.504 (f), a group
health plan and a
health insurance
issuer that provides benefits with respect to a group
health plan are permitted in certain circumstances to disclose summary
health information to the plan sponsor for the purpose
of obtaining premium bids.
Issuers of other long - term care policies are considered to be
health plans under this rule and the Transactions Rule.
However, even when an
health insurance
issuer or HMO acts as a business associate
of a group
health plan, the group
health plan has no right
of access to the other protected
health information maintained by the
health insurance
issuer or HMO.
It was suggested that HHS clarify whether the definition
of health plan, particularly the «group
health plan» and «
health insurance
issuer» components, includes a disability plan or disability insurer.
We add a new provision (§ 164.530 (k)-RRB- to clarify the administrative responsibilities
of group
health plans that offer benefits through
issuers and HMOs.
To provide access to protected
health information by the group
health plan, a plan sponsor will have to assess the current flow
of protected
health information from their
issuer and determine what information is necessary and appropriate.
We note that when a plan sponsor has several different group
health plans, or when such plans provide insurance or coverage through more than one
health insurance
issuer or HMO, the covered entities may jointly engage in this type
of analysis as a
health care operation
of the organized
health care arrangement.
In addition, group
health plans that provide
health benefits only through an insurance contract and do not create, maintain, or receive protected
health information (except for summary information described below or information that merely states whether an individual is enrolled in or has been disenrolled from the plan) do not have to meet the notice requirements
of § 164.520 or the administrative requirements
of § 164.530, except for the documentation requirement in § 164.530 (j), because these requirements are satisfied by the
issuer or HMO that is providing benefits under the group
health plan.
(9) In the definition
of «
health insurance
issuer,» addition
of the relevant statutory cite, deletion
of the term «or other law» after «state law,» addition
of health maintenance organizations for consistency with the statute, and clarification that the term does not include a group
health plan; and
If the employer sponsors more than one group
health plan, or if its group
health plan provides coverage through more than one
health insurance
issuer or HMO, the different covered entities may be an organized
health care arrangement and be able to jointly participate in such an analysis as part
of the
health care operations
of such organized
health care arrangement.
One contract specifies that the
issuer may use and disclose protected
health information about the participants in the group
health plan for research purposes without authorization (subject to the requirements
of this rule) and one contract specifies that the
issuer must always obtain authorizations for these uses and disclosures.
A group
health plan or
health insurance
issuer or HMO, or their business associate on their behalf, may perform such analyses for an employer customer and provide the results in de-identified form to the customer, using integrated data received from other insurers, as long as protected
health information is not disclosed in violation
of this rule.
Specifically, in order for a plan sponsor to obtain without authorization protected
health information from a group
health plan,
health insurance
issuer, or HMO, the documents under which the group
health plan was established and is maintained must be amended to: (1) Describe the permitted uses and disclosures
of protected
health information by the plan sponsor (see above for further explanation); (2) specify that disclosure is permitted only upon receipt
of a written certification that the plan documents have been amended; and (3) provide adequate firewalls.
First, we include a group
health plan and an
issuer or HMO with respect to the group
health plan within the definition, but only with respect to the protected
health information
of the
issuer or HMO that relates to individuals who are or have been participants or beneficiaries in the group
health plan.
(iii) Not disclose and may not permit a
health insurance
issuer or HMO to disclose protected
health information to a plan sponsor as otherwise permitted by this paragraph unless a statement required by § 164.520 (b)(1)(iii)(C) is included in the appropriate notice; and (iv) Not disclose protected
health information to the plan sponsor for the purpose
of employment - related actions or decisions or in connection with any other benefit or employee benefit plan
of the plan sponsor.
Individuals enrolled in such group
health plans have the right to notice
of the
health insurance
issuer or HMO's privacy practices and, on request, to notice
of the group
health plan's privacy practices.
(2) A
health insurance
issuer, defined as an insurance company, insurance service, or insurance organization that is licensed to engage in the business
of insurance in a state and is subject to state or other law that regulates insurance.
Some plan sponsors, including those with a fully insured group
health plan, do not perform plan administration functions on behalf
of group
health plans, but still may require
health information for other purposes, such as modifying, amending or terminating the plan or soliciting bids from prospective
issuers or HMOs.
The Department has assumed that only 5 percent
of plan sponsors
of small group
health plans that provide coverage through a contract with an
issuer will actually take the steps necessary to receive protected
health information.
Plan sponsors who are employers
of medium (51 - 199 employees) and large (over 200 employees) firms that provide
health benefits through contracts with
issuers are more likely to want access to protected
health information for plan administration, for example to use it to audit claims or perform quality assurance functions on behalf
of the group
health plan.
We do not interpret the definition
of «payment» to include activities that involve the disclosure
of protected
health information by a covered entity, including a covered
health care provider, to a plan sponsor for the purpose
of obtaining payment under a group
health plan maintained by such plan sponsor, or for the purpose
of obtaining payment from a
health insurance
issuer or HMO with respect to a group
health plan maintained by such plan sponsor, unless the plan sponsor is performing plan administration pursuant to § 164.504 (f).
In this case, the individuals enrolled in the group
health plan would receive notice
of the
health insurance
issuer or HMO's privacy practices, but would not be entitled to notice
of the group
health plan's privacy practices.
Under HIPAA, employers are not covered entities, so a
health insurance
issuer or HMO can not act as a business associate
of an employer.
In 1996, HIPAA amended ERISA to require portability, nondiscrimination, and renewability
of health benefits provided by group
health plans and group
health insurance
issuers.
(B) With respect to disclosures by a group
health plan or a
health insurance
issuer or HMO with respect to a group
health plan to the plan sponsor, to the extent that the requirements
of § 164.504 (f) apply and are met; or
His practice includes bond, disclosure,
issuer's and underwriter's counsel work for tax - exempt and taxable financings, including transactions for the State
of California, the California Department
of Water Resources, the California State Public Works Board and 501 (c)(3) organizations (with a primary focus on
health care financings).
In addition, we encourage
issuers to maintain qualified
health plan coverage for remaining members
of the enrollment group through the end
of the month.
Response: We believe that the current special enrollment periods requirements appropriately account for changes in circumstances that necessitate when individuals would need to select a new or different qualified
health plan and balance these needs with the administrative burdens
of enrollment changes for
issuers.
A group
health plan, and a
health insurance
issuer offering
health insurance coverage in connection with a group
health plan, that makes coverage available with respect to dependents is required to permit individuals described in paragraph (b)(2)
of this section to be enrolled for coverage in a benefit package under the terms
of the plan.