This was something of a relief because the «bump» in
the heat content record was not only absent from climate models, there was no evidence for it in any other records and no good explanation could be found for its cause.
The study says the global ocean
heat content record robustly represents the signature of global warming, and is affected less by weather - related «noise» and climate variability such as El Niño and La Niña events.
There are also distinctive volcanic eruption signals in the ocean
heat content record.
Unfortunately this method has led to numerous problems in the ocean
heat content record.
Not exact matches
We've narrowed the uncertainty in surface warming projections by generating thousands of climate simulations that each closely match observational
records for nine key climate metrics, including warming and ocean
heat content.»
It shows a
record warming spell earlier this year, which continues to drive up the 5 - year average of
heat content, shown in blue.
«The reason this study is so exciting is that previous methods of reconstructing ocean
heat content have very large age uncertainties, [which] smooths out the more subtle features of the
record,» said co-author Sarah Shackleton, a graduate student in the Severinghaus lab at Scripps.
However, lacking global observations of surface mass and ocean
heat content capable of resolving year to year variations with sufficient accuracy, comprehensive diagnosis of the events early in the altimetry
record (e.g. such as determining the relative roles of thermal expansion versus mass changes) has remained elusive.
Least unexpected observations: (Joint winners) 2008 near -
record minima in Arctic sea ice extent, last decade of
record warmth, long term increases in ocean
heat content,
record increases in CO2 emissions.
It is more striking for Ocean
Heat Content which so far you have avoided, despite it being a considerably less noisy
record than surface temperature.
Related
Content As Sea Ice Declines, Winter Shifts in Northern Alaska
Record Warmth in Eastern U.S., Temps Tumble in Alaska NOAA to Map Alaska's Increasingly Ice - Free Arctic Waters Coverage of 2012 Summer
Heat Waves
The upper ocean, which scientists know captures much of the excess energy trapped in the atmosphere, also reached its largest
heat content on
record in 2017, Arndt said.
We present new estimates of the variability of ocean
heat content based on: a) additional data that extends the
record to more recent years; b) additional historical data for earlier years.
The
heat content of the ocean going down to a depth of 6,500 feet (2,000 meters) also hit a new
record high last year, the report noted.
More than 95 % of the 5 yr running mean of the surface temperature change since 1850 can be replicated by an integration of the sunspot data (as a proxy for ocean
heat content), departing from the average value over the period of the sunspot
record (~ 40SSN), plus the superimposition of a ~ 60 yr sinusoid representing the observed oceanic oscillations.
Other data sets such as ocean
heat content, sea ice extent, whatever, are not sufficiently mature or long - range (see Climate data
records: maturity matrix).
Least unexpected observations: (Joint winners) 2006 near -
record minima in Arctic sea ice extent, near -
record maxima in Northern Hemisphere temperatures, resumed increase in ocean
heat content,
record increases in CO2 emissions
The natural oscillations intrigue me because of their potential to dramatically increase precipitation on shifts, which reduces
heat content that may not be accurately reflected in the surface temperature
record.
The graph of ocean
heat content shows a slight decline in the year 2010; this co-occurred with a decline in sea surface and a
record (or near
record) surface temperature.
With ocean
heat content, including the IPWP, running at
record high levels (literally off the chart), how much energy is released in this El Niño and how quickly it fills back in is of keen interest to me.
The advantage of the ocean
heat content changes for detecting climate changes is that there is less noise than in the surface temperature
record due to the weather that affects the atmospheric measurements, but that has much less impact below the ocean mixed layer.
The key points of the paper are that: i) model simulations with 20th century forcings are able to match the surface air temperature
record, ii) they also match the measured changes of ocean
heat content over the last decade, iii) the implied planetary imbalance (the amount of excess energy the Earth is currently absorbing) which is roughly equal to the ocean
heat uptake, is significant and growing, and iv) this implies both that there is significant
heating «in the pipeline», and that there is an important lag in the climate's full response to changes in the forcing.
[Response: Hi Roger, Please point me to one study anywhere in the literature which has used the surface temperature
record to infer changes in the
heat content of the atmosphere.
But your papers claim of a «bias» in the surface temperature
record * if * it is used as a linear predictor of atmospheric
heat content only makes sense * if * indeed people had used it in that sense.
«Please point me to one study anywhere in the literature which has used the surface temperature
record to infer changes in the
heat content of the atmosphere».
You may now understand why global temperature, i.e. ocean
heat content, shows such a strong correlation with atmospheric CO2 over the last 800,000 years — as shown in the ice core
records.
Atmospheric
heat content was calculated from the surface temperature
record &
heat capacity of the troposphere.
In this work the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated based on observed near - surface temperature change from the instrumental
record, changes in ocean
heat content and detailed RF time series.
This is at least ten additional years compared to the majority of previously published studies that have used the instrumental
record in attempts to constrain the ECS.We show that the additional 10 years of data, and especially 10 years of additional ocean
heat content data, have significantly narrowed the probability density function of the ECS.
Several researchers have pointed to various other indicators as evidence of «global warming», e.g., Arctic sea ice
records, ocean
heat content measurements, or animal and plant migration patterns.However, all of these indicators are either too short to compare recent temperatures to temperatures before the 1950s, or else are affected by non-climatic biases.
We have however had
record ocean SST's and
heat content globally.
Atmospheric
heat content was calculated from the surface temperature
record and
heat capacity of the troposphere..
Ocean warming: «Assessing recent warming using instrumentally homogeneous sea surface temperature
records» «Tracking ocean
heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus» «A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean
heat content estimates and climate change» «Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006»
I would have thought that was a more reasonable view than a large coincidental natural fluctuation that somehow also more rapidly warmed the land, removed Arctic sea ice and raised ocean
heat content while giving us the warmest decade on
record.
2017 set a clear
record for the highest ocean
heat content since
records began in 1958, according to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP - CAS), which maintains an up - to - date ocean
heat content database.
From greenhouse gas levels to ocean
heat content, 2014 was a
record - breaking year for the Earth system in many different ways.
If this is accepted as a reasonable looking proxy for ocean
heat content which matches the instrumental OHC
record pretty well, then no «lag» is needed to explain the solar effect on OHC and thus global surface temperature.
«Assessing recent warming using instrumentally homogeneous sea surface temperature
records» «Tracking ocean
heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus» «A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean
heat content estimates and climate change» «Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006»
The highest quality evidence directly supporting P1 is ocean
heat content and Arctic sea ice, although the utility of this evidence in support of P1 is associated with quality issues, confounding factors, and short length of
record
Eli, Pielke Snr says: «There does not need to be years of
record to obtain statistically significant measures of upper ocean
heat content.
OHC: • Different global estimates of sub-surface ocean temperatures have variations at different times and for different periods, suggesting that sub-decadal variability in the temperature and upper
heat content (0 to to 700 m) is still poorly characterized in the historical
record.
«The reason this study is so exciting is that previous methods of reconstructing ocean
heat content have very large age uncertainties, [which] smooths out the more subtle features of the
record,» said co-author Sarah Shackleton, a graduate student at Severinghaus» lab.
2014 was the hottest year in
recorded history (arguably), and he is not including ocean
heat content.
As indicated above, TMin is a poor proxy for atmospheric
heat content, and it inflicts this problem on the popular TMean temperature
record which is then a poor proxy for greenhouse warming too.
Ocean
Heat Content estimates produced by the ex-NODC at NCEI show that OHC anomalies in each quarter of 2015 were the highest on
record for each quarter.
The
record high
heat content of the Western Pacific over the past few years has led to the direct development of several super-typhoons.
As seen in Figure 4 - 3, the ocean warming occurred in the later years of the
record with little change in globally averaged ocean
heat content prior to 1997.
Living in the real world of a real country I am much more concerned with what the 350 year temperature
record is showing us, not the highly theoretical ocean
heat content of a poorly measured, medium with
records stretching back barely a decade.
As for ocean
heat content, Argo hasn't been in the water long enough to show a clear signal, and there have been problems with the data, including a significant correction (you do recall the correction to the UAH satellite
record after years of insistence that their data showed the surface temp
record trends were completely wrong?).
Record droughts in many areas of the world, the loss of arctic sea ice — what you see is an increasing trend that is superimposed on annual variablity (no bets on what happens next year, but the five - to - ten year average in global temperatures, sea surface temperatures, ocean
heat content — those will increase — and ice sheet volumes, tropical glacier volumes, sea ice extent will decrease.