Sentences with phrase «heat flux through»

These aquaplanet simulations are sometimes run with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sometimes with prescribed heat flux through the surface (usually realized by running the atmosphere over a «slab ocean» s saturated surface with some heat capacity, and specifying an «oceanic heat flux» into or out of the slab.

And finally, there is a constant heat flux through the material and a temperature gradient that looks like this:

277 For more on why open ocean occurs occasionally in Arctic summers, sometimes even at the pole itself, see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/northpole/NPOpenWater.html. There is an enormous heat flux through them, as the difference between surface and air temperature is 30 °C.

«They look at geothermal heat flux through seismic signals or magnetic data in Greenland, but not crustal thickness or rock type or distance from a hot spot.

Not exact matches

This anterior - posterior heat flux is important in preventing these ice mole rats from sinking through the ice sheets and is unknown in any other mammal.

As the storm moves forward over these eddies, the warm ocean waters below help fuel the storm's intensity through enhanced and sustained heat and moisture fluxes.

But we don't have an easy way to measure geothermal heat flux except for extremely expensive field campaigns that drill through the ice sheet.

To solve this mystery, scientists in this study investigated how irrigation affects climate through the exchange of heat or fluxes from between the land surface and the atmosphere, the formation of low - level clouds, and to what extent irrigation may modify future climate change.

Over the period 1984 — 2006 the global changes are 0.28 °C in SST and − 9.1 W m − 2 in Q, giving an effective air — sea coupling coefficient of − 32 W m − 2 °C − 1... [D] iminished ocean cooling due to vertical ocean processes played an important role in sustaining the observed positive trend in global SST from 1984 through 2006, despite the decrease in global surface heat flux.

There are a wide range of possible projects, from flux emergence, active region evolution, coronal heating, magentic reconnection, MHD waves through to global field modelling.

This information increases global climate simulation accuracy through better representation of deep ocean heat and carbon fluxes.

Notably, the quote «Mölg and Hardy (2004) show that mass loss on the summit horizontal glacier surfaces is mainly due to sublimation (i.e. turbulent latent heat flux) and is little affected by air temperature through the turbulent sensible heat flux.»

After a planet's basic heat balance, planetary physics is also about all the consequences of the constant energy flux through the environment.

At most we believe the explosive plume reached about halfway through the water column, but there may have been some transient heat flux to the underside of the ice right above the volcanoes.

But the troposphere can still warm with an increased radiative cooling term because it is also balanced by heating through latent heat release, subsidence, solar absorption, increased IR flux from the surface, etc..

The number of features does like this does not put a significant upper bound on methane flux any more than a good estimate of heat loss through geysers puts an upper limit on the geothermal flux of the Earth.

In the approximation of zero non-radiative vertical heat fluxes above the tropopause, net upward LW flux = net downward SW flux (equal to all solar heating below) at each vertical level (in the global time average for an equilibrium climate state) at and above the tropopause (for global averaging, the «vertical levels» can just be closed surfaces around the globe that everywhere lie above or at the tropopause; the flux would then be through those surfaces, which wouldn't be precisely horizontal but generally approximately horizontal).

In the context of climate and weather, the term convection often is meant to include the conduction and diffusion at the surface; these fluxes heat a thin layer as convection cools it, thus the tendency is that approximately the same flux continues from the surface through a short distance of air, changing from conduction and diffusion into convection along the way.

If there is significant solar heating below the tropopause level then there must be a significant net LW flux up through the tropopause (assuming relatively small convective or kinetic energy transfer through that level), so increasing GHG optical thickness can never saturate the tropopause level forcing at all LW wavelengths (by bringing net LW flux at tropopause to zero) in an equilibrium climate.

There's an ocean net heat flux of 3.8 T Watt through the Fram Strait (between Iceland and Greenland) with 2.3 T Watt through the Bering Strait, both into the Arctic.

Non-radiative heat fluxes drop to approximately zero (at least for the global time average) going above the tropopause (there is a little leakage of convection through the stratosphere and mesosphere via upward propagation of kinetic energy and the Brewer - Dobson (does that term include the mesospheric part?)

Re 392 Chris Dudley — I don't understand what you mean by R ^ 2T ^ 4 — and there should be something about how optical depth is proportional to R, and also, if you're going a significant distance toward the center of such an object, there is the issue of spherical geometry; if the optical thickness is large enough across small changes in radius, then you don't need to account for the spherical geometry in the calculation of the flux per unit area as a function of the temperature profile and optical thickness; however, the flux per unit area outward will drop as an inverse square, except of course within the layers that are being heated through a different process (SW heating for a planet, radioactivity, latent and sensible heat loss associated with a cooling interior, gravitational potential energy conversion to enthalpy via compression (adiabatic warming) and settling of denser material under gravity (the later both leads to compression via increased pressure via increased gravity within the interior, and also is a source of kinetic energy which can be converted to heat)...

Radiation transfers heat across different scales at different optical thicknesses for different frequencies; the net radiant flux depends more on temperature variations that occur over distances on the order of a unit of optical thickness, so the net flux can be through smaller - scale temperature variations.

For a rough estimate, downwelling water to the deep ocean in convection zones is about 40 Sv (10 ^ 6 m3 / s), assuming that comes in with say 2 deg C, and leaves (through upwelling, isopycnal and diapycnal diffusion), that is a heat flux of 320 TW, thus at least an order of magnitude larger than the geothermal fluxes.

In attempting to substantiate this internal variability hypothesis, Spencer & Braswell (2011) assumed that the change in top of the atmosphere (TOA) energy flux due to cloud cover changes from 2000 to 2010 was twice as large as the heating of the climate system through ocean circulation.

The reliability of the derived surface winds and heat fluxes is examined and validated through comprehensive comparisons with available in - situ data.

As this decadally varying degree of heat flux from the wbc and extension region appears to play a critical role in connecting regional processes via its influence on the jet, etc, this may be one avenue through which CO2 does have potential to affect the variability pattern of the wave.

Heat flux is the difference in temperature between two points through which the heat pasHeat flux is the difference in temperature between two points through which the heat pasheat passes.

Spencer & Braswell (2011) assumed that the change in top of the atmosphere (TOA) energy flux due to cloud cover changes from 2000 to 2010 was twice as large as the heating of the climate system through ocean circulation.

Dessler (2011) used observational data (such as surface temperature measurements and ARGO ocean temperature) to estimate and corroborate these values, and found that the heating of the climate system through ocean heat transport was 20 times larger than TOA energy flux changes due to cloud cover over the period in question.

Ice significantly reduces the heat flux between ocean and atmosphere; through its high albedo it has a strong influence on the radiation budget of the entire Arctic.

Inductive heating occurs when a conductor (like the Earth) moves through magnetic flux (e.g. rotates and revolves around the Sun) or when the flux through a stationary conductor changes for other reasons.

The redistribution of energy across the Earth's surface is accomplished primarily through three processes: sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and surface heat flux into oceans.

This is achieved through the study of three independent records, the net heat flux into the oceans over 5 decades, the sea - level change rate based on tide gauge records over the 20th century, and the sea - surface temperature variations.

Researchers concluded «it can be inferred that at least part of the warming that has been observed is due to the heat released during the increased production of new ice, and the increased flux of heat to the atmosphere through the larger area of thin ice.»

Leads opening in the ice will change the fluxes of heat and light penetration through the sea surface and the lower trophic levels of the marine ecosystem.

The most natural type of long term variability is in my view based on slowly varying changes in ocean circulation, which doesn't necessarily involve major transfer of heat from one place to another but influences cloudiness and other large scale weather patterns and through that the net energy flux of the Earth system.

This is achieved through the study of three independent records, the net heat flux into the oceans over 5 decades, the sea - level change rate based on tide gauge records over the 20th century, and the sea - surface temperature variations... We find that the total radiative forcing associated with solar cycles variations is about 5 to 7 times larger than just those associated with the TSI variations, thus implying the necessary existence of an amplification mechanism, although without pointing to which one.

To summarise the arguments presented so far concerning ice - loss in the arctic basin, at least four mechanisms must be recognised: (i) a momentum - induced slowing of winter ice formation, (ii) upward heat - flux from anomalously warm Atlantic water through the surface low ‐ salinity layer below the ice, (iii) wind patterns that cause the export of anomalous amounts of drift ice through the Fram Straits and disperse pack - ice in the western basin and (iv) the anomalous flux of warm Bering Sea water into the eastern Arctic of the mid 1990s.

The surface energy budget is balanced through turbulent mixing at the boundary layer and sensible heat flux (e.g. Warren 1996; van den Broeke et al. 2006).

Various geophysical techniques have been employed in efforts to determine the heat output from hydrothermal vent fields4 — 9; however, the magnitudes of the heat and chemical fluxes through these systems remain uncertain.

So, even though we may not be able to measure the input and output fluxes with sufficient accuracy, we can infer their difference through the buildup of heat energy.

By stratosphere — troposphere interactions, the stratospheric circulation anomalies induce a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation in the troposphere which is found to weaken the AMOC through wind stress and heat flux anomalies in the North Atlantic.

@Pierre - Normand It's special because there is no convective or latent heat transport at all within it and so radiative fluxes through the tropopause must exactly match the TOA flux after the troposphere has adjusted to the instantaneous forcing.

It's special because there is no convective or latent heat transport at all within it and so radiative fluxes through the tropopause must exactly match the TOA flux after the troposphere has adjusted to the instantaneous forcing.

The oceans can impact global mean surface temperature in several ways; directly, through surface fluxes of heat, or indirectly, by altering the atmospheric circulation and impacting the distribution of clouds and water vapor.

The 2008 K&T cartoon gives a NET upward radiation flux from the surface of 33w / m2 with a downward adjustment to water vapour to 76w / m2 and conduction to 16w / m2 but the point holds; that point is more net heat is leaving the surface through methods other than radiation, particularly water; that to me means 2 things; water is a dominant mover of heat compared to CO2 and the sun's 168/166 w / m2 is a far more dominant heater than CO2 backradiation.

In other words, the reduced radiative energy flux must be compensated through increased temperatures or altered latent / sensible heat fluxes.

The tropical oceans take up vast amounts of energy through air - sea heat fluxes, especially in the equatorial regions dominated by wind - driven upwelling of cold water.