It would have to be a fast process or we would see significant
heating of the ocean surface, which I don't believe we have seen this century.
If the temperatures had been above average, there would have been more surface melt and
heating of the ocean surface layer; this would have accelerated the melt rate of the ice.
It has almost nothing to do with any «direct»
heating of the oceans by CO2 directly, but rather follows from basic conservation of energy once the surface fluxes are modified by the higher CO2.
The fundamental reason that CO2 and global surface temperature are so highly correlated during comings and going of the the ice ages is that the orbits cause the temperature change, and then the resulting
heating of the ocean causes it to outgas some CO2 to the atmosphere.
The change in radiation balance is
more heating of the oceans at one side (specifically high in the subtropics, as expected), but more heat released at higher altitudes, thus somewhere acting as a net negative feedback to higher sea surface temperatures.
In short, Happer and Spencer are committing the classic Escalator fallacy, focusing on short - term noise while ignoring the long - term signal, as well as ignoring the
vast heating of the oceans.
Differences in the
regional heating of the oceans, changes in ocean currents, and a variety of other factors can contribute to regional variations in sea level rise.
I noticed that JA Smith, in a comment on this subject on this site said that
heating of the oceans by GHG was expected to take decades to centuries, yet it seems to be showing up now.
So to cross-check
the heating of the oceans, Durack of LLNL and his colleagues took a roundabout route.
At some places there would be
heating of the ocean, in other places, cooling of the ocean (generally, the cooling goes on at high latitudes, warming in the tropics, but there is a lot of variation associated with the shape of the basins, the thermohaline circulation etc.).
15 Water Cycle
The heating of the ocean plays a part of the water cycle — the movement of all water on Earth.
One reason for such uncertainties is a lack of precise knowledge about
the heating of the oceans.
Additionally, accounting for
the heating of the oceans from 700 to 2,000 meters and LAI nullifies the DK12 conclusion even during the 2002 - 2008 timeframe.
We can measure
the heat of the ocean.
But park protection can not prevent
the heating of ocean water — the main stressor on this coral system and the reason for its bleaching.
CO2 was being increased by
heating of the oceans and outgassing of CO2 from them, not the other way around.
Hurricanes form in warm tropical waters, drawing strength from
the heat of the ocean surface — that's why they are expected to worsen as sea surface temperatures increase.
Until recently, the contribution of ice sheets to sea - level rise remained unknown and is still debated, but the current acceleration of sea - level rise is attributed to
heating of the oceans and melting of land glaciers which is supported by measurements of ocean temperatures and the behavior of mountain glaciers, the vast majority of which are retreating or exhibit signs of instability.