Not exact matches
Weeks later, a FirstEnergy Capital report still clung to the idea that ramped - up rail
transportation, new
heavy -
oil refining capacity in the U.S. Midwest and the easing of the storage glut in Cushing, Okla., would keep this monster on a leash.
«While the increase in U.S. production of crude
oil and the reduced U.S. demand for
transportation fuels will likely reduce the demand for total U.S. crude
oil imports, it is unlikely to reduce demand for
heavy sour crude at Gulf Coast refineries.»
Although the benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI)
oil price has been increasing, Alberta's producers are being hurt by
transportation bottlenecks that have resulted in
heavy discounts for non-conventional crude
oil.
«Canadian
heavy oil is discounted because of its inferior quality and due to the cost of
transportation.»
The U.S. meanwhile has refineries well adapted to processing
heavy, sour Canadian crude, and a
transportation system that is and will remain overwhelmingly
oil - powered for decades to come.
Commodity prices have remained at historically elevated levels, although persistent
transportation bottlenecks are leading to continued discounts for Canadian
heavy crude
oil.
We encourage you to investigate and include significant direct and indirect emissions from all fuels, including conventional petroleum,
heavy oils, natural gas for
transportation,
oil sand - based fuels, and the range of fuels used to power electrified
transportation, consistent with the best available science.
He also likes Canadian
heavy oil producers, which he says should benefit when
oil transportation bottlenecks start to get sorted out.
In 2013, Canadian
heavy oil traded at a $ 40 per barrel discount at one point to West Texas Intermediate due to
transportation problems in Alberta.
According to the technical analysis published by the Institute of
Transportation Studies at UC Davis in 2007 for the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard, estimates of full lifecycle GHG for refined product produced from
oil sands /
heavy oil range 29.4 gCeq / MJ on the low end to 35.9 gCeq / MJ on the high end.
I challenge the premise — although we may have adapted to life in Minnesota and places further north, with expensive heating
oil,
heavy clothing and a large
transportation system for fresh foods, removing those adaptations (lowering our survival costs) would be of incredible benefit.
The oft - repeated «Canada has only one market» rhetoric ignores the fact that
oil is a globally priced commodity, that the US Gulf Coast has the world's largest concentration of coking refineries able to optimally refine Canadian
heavy oil, and that there is likely a price discount, not a premium, from exporting to Asia, given
transportation costs.
And they warn that investing billions of dollars in
oil transportation will lock the U.S. into continued dependency on an increasingly
heavy type of imported crude that will drive up emissions both from the foreign producer and the domestic refiner.
A new study by the International Council on Clean
Transportation (ICCT) estimates
heavy fuel
oil (HFO) use, HFO carriage, the use and carriage of other fuels, black carbon (BC) emissions, and emissions of other air and climate pollutants for the year 2015, with projections to 2020 and 2025.
PRELIM can simulate up to ten specific refinery process configurations, each requiring a different amount of energy to process a crude and producing a different slate of final products including
transportation fuels as well as
heavy fuel
oil; hydrogen from the naphtha catalytic reforming proces;, refinery fuel gas; and the possible production of coke or hydrocracking residue.
Source:
Heavy fuel
oil use in Arctic shipping in 2015, International Council on Clean
Transportation.
For electric generation 9 % renewable (when including hydroelectric) is correct but that percentage decreases drastically when adding non-electric energy use for
transportation which is nearly 100 % petroleum based, for direct residential and commercial heating, which is nearly 100 % gas and fuel
oil based, for
heavy industry, which is almost exclusively petroleum (petro - chem industry) and coal (steel - industry) and construction, which uses almost exclusively diesel fuels.
Enbridge applied to the National Energy Board to approve a pipeline project — specifically, to reverse the flow of one section of an existing pipeline, expand the capacity of the pipeline, and exempt the project from certain regulatory requirements and procedures to allow for the
transportation of
heavy crude
oil.